Using Passive Microrheology to Measure the Evolution of the Rheological Properties of NIST mAb Formulations during Adsorption to the Air-Water Interface.

The development of novel protein-based therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is often limited due to challenges associated with maintaining the stability of these formulations during manufacturing, storage, and clinical administration. An undesirable consequence of the instability of protein therapeutics is the formation of protein particles. MAbs can adsorb to interfaces and have the potential to undergo partial unfolding as well as to form viscoelastic gels.

Ethanol organosolv pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse assisted by organic acids and supercritical carbon dioxide.

The scCO-assisted organosolv pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was carried out using aqueous ethanol and organic acid catalysts. Variables involved were temperature (150-190 °C), time (0-60 min), type of catalyst (acetic, citric, and oxalic acids), amount of CO (25-50 g), ethanol titer in water (0-80 vol%), and catalyst concentration (0.5 to 1.

Supercritical Fluids: A Promising Technique for Biomass Pretreatment and Fractionation.

Lignocellulosic biomasses are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and these biopolymers are bonded together in a heterogeneous matrix that is highly recalcitrant to chemical or biological conversion processes. Thus, an efficient pretreatment technique must be selected and applied to this type of biomass in order to facilitate its utilization in biorefineries. Classical pretreatment methods tend to operate under severe conditions, leading to sugar losses by dehydration and to the release of inhibitory compounds such as furfural (2-furaldehyde), 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfural (5-HMF), and organic acids.