Can a regulatory control network be used for a territorial monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in water intended for human consumption?

Antimicrobial resistance genes and resistant bacteria could be found in water intended for human consumption (WIHC). In France, although the microbiological quality of WIHC is strictly monitored, antimicrobial resistance is not. The aim of this study is to test the concept of the use of the regulatory surveillance of WIHC to monitor antimicrobial resistance in a French area.

Highly diverse dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization from initial detection in cystic fibrosis patients: A 7-year longitudinal genetic diversity study.

In cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a major pathogen that can persistently colonize patients. Genetic studies showed a high diversity of Pa, the success of widespread or 'international' clones and described epidemic clones in CF and Epidemic High-Risk (ERH) clones. Here, we characterized Pa genetic diversity over time after first colonization in CF patients, with the aim of accurately describing the dynamics of colonization in a context of scarce longitudinal studies including the first isolated Pa strain.

Recurrent environmental contamination in a centralized radiopharmacy unit by Achromobacter spp: Results of a large microbiological investigation.

Background: Radiopharmaceuticals preparation unit, such as every aseptic preparation units, are strictly monitored in terms of microbiological contamination. Despite all biocontamination control procedures, our radiopharmacy unit faced repeated environmental contamination by Achromobacter spp which necessitated a large environmental investigation.

Methods: Microbiological controls were carried out using Count Tact agars (Biomérieux) for flat surfaces, dry swabbing for hard to reach areas and containers were filled with a sterile water solution (then filtrated on 0.

Phenotypic and genotypic within-host diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary isolates.

This study aimed to assess phenotypic and molecular inter-patient and within-host diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) or asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB). Clinical data of 120 consecutive P. aeruginosa UTI (n = 40) and AB (n = 80) were prospectively analyzed.

From Copper Tolerance to Resistance in towards Patho-Adaptation and Hospital Success.

The hospital environment constitutes a reservoir of opportunistic pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) such as (). persistence within technological niches, the increasing emergence of epidemic high-risk clones in HCAI, the epidemiological link between plumbing strains and clinical strains, make it a major nosocomial pathogen. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to hospital water systems would be useful in preventing HCAI.

Persistence and Dissemination Capacities of a -Harboring IncX-3 Plasmid in Isolated from an Urban River in Montpellier, France.

To investigate the capacities of persistence and dissemination of within and in aquatic environment, we characterized (sequence type 636) strains B26 and B28 isolated one month apart from the same urban river in Montpellier, France. The two isolates carried a pTsB26 plasmid, which sized 45,495 Kb, harbored gene and belonged to IncX-3 incompatibility group. pTsB26 was conjugative in vitro at high frequency, it was highly stable after 400 generations and it exerted no fitness cost on its host.

Monitoring Urban Beach Quality on a Summer Day: Determination of the Origin of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance at Prophète Beach, Marseille (France).

A highly frequented beach in Marseille, France, was monitored on an hourly basis during a summer day in July 2018, to determine possible water and sand fecal pollution, in parallel with influx of beach users from 8 a.m. to 8 p.

Peptoniphilus nemausensis sp. nov. A new Gram-positive anaerobic coccus isolated from human clinical samples, an emendated description of the genus Peptoniphilus and an evaluation of the taxonomic status of Peptoniphilus species with not validly published names.

A Gram-positive, anaerobic coccus isolated from a human surgical site infection was previously shown to belong to an unknown species of the genus Peptoniphilus initially proposed as 'Peptoniphilus nemausus' sp. nov., based on both 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 97.

Improved detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in hospital water samples.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens commonly colonizing hospital water systems, and may be responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Investigation of HAI and outbreaks caused by NTM necessitates water analyses. However, NTM are slow-growing bacteria within the mesophilic community present in water, and are difficult to detect.

and : Emerging Pathogens Well-Armed for Life in the Cystic Fibrosis Patients' Lung.

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the lung is a remarkable ecological niche in which the microbiome is subjected to important selective pressures. An inexorable colonization by bacteria of both endogenous and environmental origin is observed in most patients, leading to a vicious cycle of infection-inflammation. In this context, long-term colonization together with competitive interactions among bacteria can lead to over-inflammation.

Within-Host Microevolution of Urinary Isolates: A Seven-Patient Longitudinal Genomic and Phenotypic Study.

Background: is responsible for up to 10% of healthcare associated urinary tract infections (UTI), which can be difficult to treat and can lead to bacterial persistence. While numerous whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses have explored within-host genomic adaptation and microevolution of during cystic fibrosis (CF) infections, little is known about adaptation to the urinary tract.

Results: Whole genome sequencing was performed on 108 urinary isolates, representing up to five isolates collected from 2 to 5 successive urine samples from seven patients hospitalized in a French hospital over 48-488 days.

The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes.

Carbapenems are β-lactams antimicrobials presenting a broad activity spectrum and are considered as last-resort antibiotic. Since the 2000s, carbapenemase producing (CPE) have emerged and are been quickly globally spreading. The global dissemination of carbapenemase encoding genes (CEG) within clinical relevant bacteria is attributed in part to its location onto mobile genetic elements.

High Occurrence of Bacterial Competition Among Clinically Documented Opportunistic Pathogens Including in Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways favor abnormal microbial development. Infections are considered as polymicrobial and competition can be observed between microorganisms. The current literature on bacterial competition in CF mostly consists of studies with limited numbers of strains, mainly focused on the major pathogens () and () and does not give a comprehensive overview of the overall importance of bacterial interactions or the behavior of less often encountered emerging bacteria such as .

Tailoring the Physicochemical Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides onto a Thiazole-Based γ-Peptide Foldamer.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are amphipathic molecules displaying broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, providing opportunities to develop a new generation of antibiotics. However, their use is limited either by poor metabolic stability or by high hemolytic activity. We herein addressed the potential of thiazole-based γ-peptide oligomers named ATCs as tunable scaffolds to design polycationic AMP mimetics.

Bacterial Microbiome in Wild-Caught Mosquitoes in Western Thailand.

Among the complex microbial community living in the mosquito midgut, some bacteria (e.g., spp.

Comparative Whole-Genome Phylogeny of Animal, Environmental, and Human Strains Confirms the Genogroup Organization and Diversity of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Complex.

The complex (Smc) comprises opportunistic environmental Gram-negative bacilli responsible for a variety of infections in both humans and animals. Beyond its large genetic diversity, its genetic organization in genogroups was recently confirmed through the whole-genome sequencing of human and environmental strains. As they are poorly represented in these analyses, we sequenced the whole genomes of 93 animal strains to determine their genetic background and characteristics.

Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Isolates Provide Insight into the Pathoadaptation of Aeromonas.

Aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that cause opportunistic infections in humans, but their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. A pathogenomic approach was undertaken to provide insights into the emergence and evolution of pathogenic traits in aeromonads. The genomes of 64 Aeromonas strains representative of the whole genus were analyzed to study the distribution, phylogeny, and synteny of the flanking sequences of 13 virulence-associated genes.

An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections following outpatient flexible cystoscopy.

The investigation of an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections after ambulatory cystoscopies identified a damaged cystoscope contaminated by P aeruginosa and acting as a relay object. This outbreak urges us not to trivialize urinary tract infections occurring after an elective cystoscopy. Patients should be advised to signal the occurrence of urologic symptoms after urologic exploration.

Minimal standards for the description of new genera and species of rhizobia and agrobacteria.

Herein the members of the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes review recent developments in rhizobial and agrobacterial taxonomy and propose updated minimal standards for the description of new species (and genera) in these groups. The essential requirements (minimal standards) for description of a new species are (1) a genome sequence of at least the proposed type strain and (2) evidence for differentiation from other species based on genome sequence comparisons. It is also recommended that (3) genetic variation within the species is documented with sequence data from several clearly different strains and (4) phenotypic features are described, and their variation documented with data from a relevant set of representative strains.

Whole-Genome Sequences of a Cluster of 14 Unidentified Related sp. Strains from Human Clinical Samples and Type Strains of 3 Validated Species.

We report 17 draft genomes for 14 unidentified sp. strains closely related in 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny and type strains of 3 species with the aims of deciphering relationships between related species, evaluating the accuracy of current thresholds for species delineation, and robustly describing new species in the genus.

Antibiotic resistance in urban runoff.

Aquatic ecosystems subjected to anthropogenic pressures are places of rapid evolution of microbial communities and likely hotspots for selection and emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In urban settings, water quality and the risk of infection are generally assessed in sewers and in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Physical and chemical parameters as well as the presence of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes of resistance are driven by urban activities, with adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.

The population structure of Ochrobactrum isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes indicates interactions with the symbiotic system.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) form specific mutualistic associations with bioluminescent enterobacteria. In Heterorhabditidis indica, Ochrobactrum spp. was identified beside the symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens but its involvement in the symbiotic association in the EPNs remains unclear.

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak reveals incubators as pathogen reservoir in neonatal care center.

In the context of a 3-month extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (ESBL-KP) outbreak in a neonatal care center (NCC), hygiene practices and hospital environment were investigated. ESBL-KP strains isolated from patients and environment were compared by molecular typing. The density of incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) was calculated from January 2014 to September 2016.

Transmission of IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from river water to human.

Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are increasing worldwide in human infections. The role of rivers as reservoirs is highlighted, but transmission from the environment to humans is not documented. A human case of bacteraemia caused by IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter asburiae following massive river water exposure underwent microbiological investigations with the aim of deciphering the origin and mechanism of infection.