Calcium silicate-based intracanal medication: Physicochemical properties and effectiveness of techniques for removing medication from the human root canal.

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the physicochemical properties of Bio-C Temp, a bioceramic intracanal medication, and whether its residues remain adhered to the dentine walls after conventional manual irrigation (CMI) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in comparison to Calen.

Methods: The pH after 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days, and the flow, radiopacity, and the solubility of the medications after immersion for 7 and 30 days in distilled water (dH2O) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution were evaluated. Filling capacity, and volumetric changes after 14 days were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

hACE2 upregulation and participation of macrophages and clear cells in the immune response of epididymis to SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus caused the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and the prevalence of deaths among men is higher than among women. The epididymis, divided into caput, corpus, and cauda, shows a region-specific immunity. The K18-hACE2 mouse expresses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the receptor that allows SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Relationship between autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome during articular cartilage degradation in oestrogen-deficient rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Background: Estrogen deficiency and Diabetes mellitus (DM) cause joint tissue deterioration, although the mechanisms are uncertain. This study evaluated the immunoexpression of autophagy and NLRP3-inflammasome markers, in rat articular cartilage with estrogen deficiency and DM.

Methods: Twenty rats were sham-operated (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVX) and equally allocated into four groups: SHAM and OVX groups administered with vehicle solution; SHAM and OVX groups treated with 60 mg/kg/body weight of streptozotocin, intraperitoneally, to induce DM (SHAM-DM and OVX-DM groups).

Reduction of osteoclast formation and survival following suppression of cytokines by diacerein in periodontitis.

Periodontitis causes an increase in several bioactive agents such as interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce the osteoclast formation and activity. Since diacerein exerts anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-1 effects, alleviating bone destruction in osteoarthritis, we investigated whether this drug inhibits the formation and survival of osteoclast in the periodontitis. Rats were distributed into 3 groups: 1) group with periodontitis treated with 100 mg/kg diacerein (PDG), 2) group with periodontitis treated with saline (PSG) and group control (CG) without any treatment.

Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia.

Although SARS-CoV-2 induces mucin hypersecretion in the respiratory tract, hyposalivation/xerostomia has been reported by COVID-19 patients. We evaluate the submandibular gland (SMGs) pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, focusing on the impact of infection on the mucin production and structural integrity of acini, ductal system, myoepithelial cells (MECs) and telocytes. The spike protein, the nucleocapsid protein, hACE2, actin, EGF, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by immunofluorescence, and the and expression was evaluated.

Bioactive potential of Bio-C Temp demonstrated by systemic mineralization markers and immunoexpression of bone proteins in the rat connective tissue.

Intracanal medications are used in endodontic treatment due to their antibacterial activity and ability to induce the periapical repair. Among the intracanal medications, the Calen (CAL; SS. White, Brazil) is a calcium hydroxide-based medication that provides an alkaline pH and releases calcium, exerting an antimicrobial activity.

Additional Insights Into the Role of Osteocalcin in Osteoblast Differentiation and in the Early Steps of Developing Alveolar Process of Rat Molars.

This study investigated whether osteocalcin (OCN) is present in osteoblast precursors and its relationship with initial phases of alveolar process formation. Samples of maxillae of 16-, 18-, and 20-day-old rat embryos (E16, E18, and E20, respectively), and 05-, 10-, and 15-day-old postnatal rats (P05, P10, and P15, respectively) were fixed and embedded in paraffin or araldite. Immunohistochemistry for osterix (Osx), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and OCN detection was performed and the number of immunolabelled cells was computed.

Role of serotonin, estrogen, and TNF-α in the paroxetine-impaired steroidogenesis and testicular macrophages polarization.

Background: Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, has caused male sexual dysfunction; however, the paroxetine mechanisms of action in testes are still unclear.

Objectives: Paroxetine serotonergic effects in testes were evaluated, focusing on steroidogenesis and the correlation between macrophages population and possible TNF-α-derived oxidative stress. We also verified whether the changes are reversible following treatment interruption.

Venlafaxine increases aromatization, reduces apical V-ATPase in clear cells and induces increased number of mast cells and smooth muscle cells death in rat cauda epididymis.

Depressive disorders (DD) have affected millions of people worldwide. Venlafaxine, antidepressant of the class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, has been prescribed for the treatment of DD. In rat testes, venlafaxine induces testosterone (T) aromatization and increases estrogen levels.

Participation of fibroblast growth factor-1 and interleukin-10 in connective tissue repair following subcutaneous implantation of bioceramic materials in rats.

Aim: To evaluate whether the bioceramic materials Bio-C Pulpo (Bio-C, Angelus) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP (MTA-HP, Angelus) induce fibroblast proliferation and release of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, stimulating connective tissue remodelling. The tissue response of Bio-C and MTA-HP was compared with the White MTA (WMTA; Angelus) since studies have demonstrated that WMTA induces tissue repair.

Methodology: Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA were inserted into polyethylene tubes and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Holtzman rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days.

Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of an experimental tricalcium silicate-based cement in comparison with Bio-C repair and MTA Repair HP materials.

Aim: To evaluate the tissue reaction of a tricalcium silicate-based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO ) in comparison to Bio-C Repair (Bio-C; Angelus) and to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus).

Methodology: Polyethylene tubes filled with one of the materials or left empty (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days (n = 32/group). The capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells, collagen content, interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa reaction and analysis under polarized light were evaluated.

Bioactive potential of Bio-C Pulpo is evidenced by presence of birefringent calcite and osteocalcin immunoexpression in the rat subcutaneous tissue.

As the biocompatibility and bioactive potential of repair materials are desired characteristics in dentistry, the tissue response of Bio-C Pulpo, a bioceramic material launched on the marked by Angelus (Brazil), was compared with Biodentine (Septodont, France) and White MTA (WMTA; Angelus, Brazil). In 32 rats, 148 polyethylene tubes filled with Bio-C Pulpo, Biodentine or WMTA, and empty (CG, control group) were implanted into subcutaneous tissues for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. The capsule thickness, numerical density of inflammatory cells (IC) and fibroblasts (Fb), amount of collagen, immunohistochemistry detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa and analysis under polarized light were performed.

Glioblastoma multiforme targeted delivery of docetaxel using bevacizumab-modified nanostructured lipid carriers impair in vitro cell growth and in vivo tumor progression.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain cancer, characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug with promising anti-tumor properties. However, conventional intravenous formulations exhibit side effects of systemic biodistribution and low brain bioavailability, limiting their clinical use.

Bilateral asymmetry in bullfrog testes and fat bodies: correlations with steroidogenic activity, mast cells number and structural proteins.

In seasonal breeders, such as amphibians, testicular functions depend on complex processes that change according to seasonality, including Leydig cell (LC) differentiation and lipid-dependent steroidogenesis, extracellular proteins remodeling and actin-dependent cellular dynamics. Speculating that fat bodies (FB) could support some of these processes in L. catesbeianus, we evaluated bilaterally the FB weights, correlating them to testicular parameters such as weight, testosterone (T) immunoexpression, mast cells (MC) number, vascularization and structural proteins.

Diacerein-induced interleukin-1β deficiency reduces the inflammatory infiltrate and immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in periodontitis in rat molars.

Background: Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disease that involves the release of cytokines and enzymes, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Diacerein is an anti-IL-1 drug used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether diacerein suppresses the inflammatory reaction and reduces the collagen degradation in the gingival connective tissue in periodontitis.

Hepatic enzymes and immunoinflammatory response to Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medication implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats.

Our purpose was to evaluate the biocompatibility and hepatotoxicity of a new bioceramic intracanal medicament, Bio-C Temp (BIO). The biological properties of BIO were compared with calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicament (Calen; CAL), used as gold pattern. Polyethylene tubes filled with BIO or CAL, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of rats.

Venlafaxine-induced adrenergic signaling stimulates Leydig cells steroidogenesis via Nur77 overexpression: A possible role of EGF.

Venlafaxine, a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, impairs rat sperm parameters, spermatogenesis and causes high intratesticular estrogen and testosterone levels, indicating that Leydig cells (LCs) may be a venlafaxine target. We evaluated the effect of venlafaxine treatment on rat LCs, focusing on adrenergic signaling, EGF immunoexpression and steroidogenesis. Germ cells mitotic/meiotic activity and UCHL1 levels were also evaluated in the seminiferous epithelium.

Impaired macrophages and failure of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rat testes with cytokines deficiency induced by diacerein.

The role of cytokines in testicular function under normal conditions has not been completely understood. Here, we evaluated testicular macrophages (TM), steroidogenesis by Leydig cells (LC) and seminiferous tubules integrity in cytokines-deficient rat testes induced by diacerein, an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Male rats received daily 100 mg/kg of diacerein (DIAG; n = 8) or saline (CG; n = 8) for 30 days.

Spatio-temporal immunolocalization of VEGF-A, Runx2, and osterix during the early steps of intramembranous ossification of the alveolar process in rat embryos.

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is expressed by several cell types and is a crucial factor for angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. However, the immunolocalization of VEGF-A during the early stages of the alveolar process formation remains underexplored. Thus, we analyzed the spatio-temporal immunolocalization of VEGF-A and its relationship with Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix (Osx) during the early steps of intramembranous ossification of the alveolar process in rat embryos.

Comparison of Bio-C Pulpo and MTA Repair HP with White MTA: effect on liver parameters and evaluation of biocompatibility and bioactivity in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the tissue response promoted by Bio-C Pulpo (Bio), MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP) and White MTA (WMTA) and whether these materials cause liver changes in a rat experimental model.

Methodology: Polyethylene tubes filled with Bio, MTA-HP and WMTA, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Inflammatory reaction score (IRS), capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells (IC), von Kossa reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immunohistochemistry reactions were performed.

Cimetidine-induced androgenic failure causes cell death and changes in actin, EGF and V-ATPase immunoexpression in rat submandibular glands.

Submandibular gland (SMG) is responsive to androgens via androgen receptor (AR). We verified whether cimetidine induces androgenic dysfunction in SMG, and evaluated the structural integrity, cell death and immunoexpression of actin, EGF and V-ATPase in androgen-deficient SMG. Male rats received cimetidine (CMTG) and control animals (CG) received saline.

Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of the NeoMTA Plus endodontic bioceramic-based sealer.

Objectives: This study evaluated the biocompatibility and bioactive potential of NeoMTA Plus mixed as a root canal sealer in comparison with MTA Fillapex.

Materials And Methods: Polyethylene tubes filled with NeoMTA Plus ( = 20), MTA Fillapex ( = 20), or nothing (control group, CG; = 20) were inserted into the connective tissue in the dorsal subcutaneous layer of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens were processed for paraffin embedding.

Immunoexpression pattern of autophagy mediators in alveolar bone osteoclasts following estrogen withdrawal in female rats.

It is known that estrogen deficiency increases osteoclast formation and activity. Autophagy, a cell survival pathway, has been shown to be crucial for osteoclast function. However, little is known about the effects of estrogen depletion on osteoclast autophagy.