Efficacy and Safety of Two-Drug Regimens with Dolutegravir plus Rilpivirine or Lamivudine in HIV-1 Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIV.

Background: The high effectiveness and safety of the two-drug (2DRs) strategy using dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) have led to international guidelines recommending their use for treatment-naive HIV patients. In virologically suppressed patients, de-escalating from 3DRs to DTG plus either rilpivirine (RPV) or 3TC has shown high rates of virological suppression.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the real-life data of two multicenter Spanish cohorts of PLWHIV treated with DTG plus 3TC (SPADE-3) or RPV (DORIPEX) as a switch strategy, not only in terms of virological suppression, safety, and durability but also in terms of immune restoration.

Dolutegravir Plus 3TC in Virologically Suppressed PLWHIV: Immunological Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Dolutegravir (DTG) based dual therapies for treating PLWHIV are a standard of care nowadays. Switching to DTG and lamivudine (3TC) safety and efficacy were proven in TANGO randomized clinical trial. This multicenter retrospective study included 1032 HIV virologically suppressed patients switching to DTG+3TC from 13 Spanish hospitals.

Frequency and clinical relevance of DPYD genetic variants in gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of loss-of-function variants in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms, assess their clinical relevance, and evaluate the  implementation of a multidisciplinary circuit at three months from its  implementation.

Method: This is a descriptive, observational and retrospective study, which  included adult patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated at a tertiary  university hospital who underwent dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genotyping between September 2019 and December 2020. The  variables collected were sex, age, type of cancer, location, stage, treatment received, indication of treatment and degree of toxicity  developed during the first three cycles.

Methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus in community-acquired pneumonia: Risk factors and outcomes.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and compare them with those associated with CAP due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most frequent causative microorganism, in a large cohort of patients.

Methods: This was an observational study of prospectively collected data of consecutive adults with CAP and a definitive etiology enrolled between 2004 and 2018.

Changing epidemiology of bloodstream infection in a 25-years hematopoietic stem cell transplant program: current challenges and pitfalls on empiric antibiotic treatment impacting outcomes.

We aimed to describe epidemiology changes in bloodstream infections (BSI) episodes in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients throughout a 25-year period (1993-2017), comparing five-year time spans, and we evaluate their impact on inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (IEAT) and mortality. During the study period, 1164 BSI episodes were documented in patients undergoing HSCT (71.6% allogenic and 29% autologous).

Cost-effectiveness analysis of azacitidine in the treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes in Spain.

Background: The objective of the study was to analyse whether azacitidine is a cost-effective option for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome in the Spanish setting compared with conventional care regimens, including best supportive care, low dose chemotherapy and standard dose chemotherapy.

Methods: A life-time Markov model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of azacitidine compared with conventional care regimens. The health states modelled were: myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia and death.

Study of kidney function impairment after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A single-center experience.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). Identification of ARF risk factors could be useful to develop preventive strategies for patients at high risk. The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of ARF after reduced intensity conditioning Allo-HSCT (Allo-RIC).

Encouraging results with inolimomab (anti-IL-2 receptor) as treatment for refractory acute graft-versus-host disease.

Inolimomab [corrected] an anti-interleukin-2 receptor (anti-IL-2R) monoclonal antibody, may be useful in the treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) by inhibiting 1 of its putative immunopathogenic pathways. We retrospectively analyzed 40 consecutive patients who received inolimomab [corrected] as salvage treatment for steroid refractory aGVHD at a single institution between June 1999 and December 2004. Inolimomab [corrected] was given intravenously at a dose of 11 mg/d for 3 consecutive days, followed by 5.

Efficacy and toxicity of intermediate-dose amphotericin B lipid complex as a primary or salvage treatment of fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies.

We treated 74 adults with a hematological malignancy and documented or suspected invasive fungal infection (IFI) with amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) at 3 mg/kg/day. Forty-five patients (61%) received upfront therapy and 29 patients (39%) received salvage therapy for their IFI. Forty-eight of 71 evaluable patients responded [complete responses in 40 (56%) and partial responses in 8 (11%)] and 15 (21%) died as a consequence of the IFI.

Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation with fludarabine and oral busulfan with or without pharmacokinetically targeted busulfan dosing in patients with myeloid leukemia ineligible for conventional conditioning.

We prospectively compared outcomes after a fludarabine (Flu) plus oral busulfan (Bu)-containing reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (150 mg/m2 Flu and 10 mg/kg oral Bu), with (n = 32; Flu- T Bu group) or without (n = 30; Flu-Bu group) therapeutic dose monitoring and dose adjustment of Bu. All patients received peripheral blood stem cells from a genoidentical sibling, and study cohorts had similar patient characteristics. Dose adjustments of Bu were required in 20 (63%) patients in the Flu- T Bu group (median final dose, 8.