Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome: Influence of liver fibrosis stages on characteristics of very low-density lipoproteins.

Background: We evaluated possible changes in VLDLcharacteristics, and metabolic related factors, in MetS-associated NAFLD and accompanying liver fibrosis.

Methods: We studied 36 MetS patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (MetS+NAFLD) and 24 MetS without ultrasound NAFLD evidence. Further, MetS+NAFLD was sub-divided according to fibrosis stage into, non-to-moderate (F0-F2, n=27) and severe (F3-F4, n=9) fibrosis.

Physicochemical study of mixed systems composed by bovine caseinate and the galactomannan from Gleditsia amorphoides.

Model systems formed by sodium caseinate (NaCAS) and espina corona gum (ECG) were studied. There was no evidence of attractive interactions between NaCAS and ECG macromolecules. Aqueous mixtures of NaCAS and ECG phase-separate segregatively over a wide range of concentrations.

[Hemobilia secondary to hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm].

Hemobilia is defined as the presence of blood in the biliary tree characterized by the triad: jaundice, right hypochondrium pain (RH) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB). Among the etiologies highlighted in order of frequency there are: liver trauma (accidental and iatrogenic), inflammatory causes (acute and chronic cholecystitis), infections (cholangitis, liver abscesses, parasitic infections) and vascular diseases (aneurysms, vasculitis, arteriovenous malformations). There exist many complementary tests for the diagnosis of hemobilia, such as imaging (abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, angio CT), videoendoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and angiography, the latter being considered the diagnostic tool and therapeutic modality of choice.

Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions Involving 1,2-Indole Migration.

A cascade reaction of indoles with propargylic diols involving an unprecedented metal-free 1,2-indole migration onto an alkyne was carried out. DFT calculations support a mechanism consisting of a concerted nucleophilic attack of the indole nucleus with loss of water, followed by the 1,2-migration and subsequent Nazarov cyclization. This Brønsted acid-catalyzed protocol affords indole-functionalized benzofulvene derivatives in high yields.

Sulfoxide-Directed Metal-Free ortho-Propargylation of Aromatics and Heteroaromatics.

A sulfoxide-directed, metal-free ortho-propargylation of aromatics and heteroaromatics exploits intermolecular delivery of a propargyl nucleophile to sulfur followed by an intramolecular relay to carbon. The operationally simple cross-coupling procedure is general, regiospecific with regard to the propargyl nucleophile, and shows complete selectivity for products of ortho-propargylation over allenylation. The use of secondary propargyl silanes allows metal-free ortho-coupling to form carbon-carbon bonds between aromatic and heteroaromatic rings and secondary propargylic centres.

[Toxic nephropathy secondary to occupational exposure to metallic mercury].

Toxic nephrophaties secondary to occupational exposure to metals have been widely studied, including membranous nephropathy by mercury, which is rare. Occupational poisoning by mercury is frequent, neurological symptoms are the main form of clinical presentation. Secondary renal involvement in chronic exposure to metallic mercury can cause glomerular disease by deposit of immune-complexes.

Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C cirrhotic patients with and without HIV infection: a cohort study, 1999-2011.

INTRODUCTION. High activity antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has allowed people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to live longer. In the course of time, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) began to be found in these patients.

Regioselective synthesis of elusive 4,9-dihydro-1H-carbazoles by gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 3-allenylmethylindoles.

A general and efficient synthesis of 4,9-dihydro-1H-carbazoles from 3-allenylmethylindoles is reported. The process, catalyzed by a cationic gold(I) complex, involves a formal C2-H bond activation of the indole unit by reaction with the allene. The nature of the substituents at the allylic and terminal positions of the allene moiety has a crucial effect on the regioselectivity of the cyclization, which is also influenced by the catalyst and the solvent employed.

Effect of cirrhosis at baseline on the outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.

Material And Methods: With the aim of analyzing the influence of presence of cirrhosis at baseline on the outcome, we revised the evolution of a cohort of patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, prospectively followed at a single hospital. 139 patients (113 females, 26 males), median age 45.7 years, interquartile range 13-59 years, were followed-up for a median period of 58 months (interquartile range 27-106).

Combined directed ortho-zincation and palladium-catalyzed strategies: Synthesis of 4,n-dimethoxy-substituted benzo[b]furans.

A new route to regioselectively dialkoxy-functionalized benzo[b]furan derivatives has been developed from 3-halo-2-iodoanisoles bearing an additional methoxy group, which have been accessed through an ortho-zincation/iodination reaction. Two palladium-catalyzed processes, namely a Sonogashira coupling followed by a tandem hydroxylation/cyclization sequence, give rise to new and interesting dimethoxy-substituted benzo[b]furans.

Solvent- and ligand-induced switch of selectivity in gold(I)-catalyzed tandem reactions of 3-propargylindoles.

The selectivity of our previously described gold-catalyzed tandem reaction, 1,2-indole migration followed by aura-iso-Nazarov cyclization, of 3-propargylindoles bearing (hetero)aromatic substituents at both the propargylic and terminal positions, was reversed by the proper choice of the catalyst and the reaction conditions. Thus, 3-(inden-2-yl)indoles, derived from an aura-Nazarov cyclization (instead of an aura-iso-Nazarov cyclization), were obtained in moderate to good yields from a variety of 3-propargylindoles.

Comparison of NAFLD fibrosis score and BARD score in predicting fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Liver biopsy (LB) is the only means to evaluate fibrosis in NAFLD. Two scoring systems, NAFLD fibrosis score and BARD score, were proposed to separate cases with and without severe fibrosis (SF). Our aim was to compare the utility of both scores in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.

Alagille syndrome: cutaneous manifestations in 38 children.

The Alagille syndrome is one of the most common inherited disorders causing chronic liver disease during childhood. During the 1990s, 38 children with Alagille syndrome were evaluated at two pediatric centers in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Characteristic clinical, humoral, and cutaneous features were analyzed.

Natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a longitudinal study of repeat liver biopsies.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may cause severe fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, but supporting evidence is based on indirect data. Few publications have examined the results of repeat liver biopsies to evaluate progression of fibrosis. The aims of this study were to assess rate of fibrosis progression in untreated patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and to identify associated variables.