Cannabidiol, a Strategy in Aging to Improve Redox State and Immunity in Male Rats.

Aging is characterized by oxidative stress and immune function impairment, and is associated with increased morbidity. Cannabidiol (CBD) has anti-oxidant properties, but its role in aging has been scarcely studied. This work aims to test the effect of CBD on the redox state and immunity during aging in rats.

Human Supplementation with AM3, Spermidine, and Hesperidin Enhances Immune Function, Decreases Biological Age, and Improves Oxidative-Inflammatory State: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The positive effect of AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on immunity is known, but their effect on the rate of aging, known as biological age (BA), is unclear. This work aims to test if the intake of a blend of AM3 (150 mg), spermidine (0.6 mg), and hesperidin (50 mg) for 2 months could decrease BA and improve immunity, redox, and inflammatory states.

High exposure to carrageenan in young mice may impair behavior, immunity, redox and inflammatory states throughout the aging process.

The rate of aging can be determined, among other factors, by the diet during childhood and adolescence. Many additives are currently added to food, including carrageenan (E-407), a thickener derived from red algae. Although the acceptable daily intake for carrageenan is periodically re-evaluated, children show the highest levels of exposure with unknown potential effects on the aging process and longevity.

Characterization of a natural model of adult mice with different rate of aging.

Aging is a heterogeneous process, so individuals of the same age may be aging at a different rate. A natural model of premature aging in mice have been proposed based on the poor response to the T-maze. Those that take longer to cross the intersection are known as Prematurely Aging Mice (PAM), while those that show an exceptional response are known as Exceptional non-PAM (E-NPAM), being the rest non-PAM (NPAM).

Improvement of Immune Function and Redox State in Several Organs of Old and Prematurely Aging Female Mice After a Short Social Interaction With Adults.

Aging is associated with chronic oxidative stress, which contributes to the deterioration of the immune system, increasing morbidity and mortality. A positive social environment permits health maintenance and a slower rate of aging. Improvements in immune function and oxidative stress were shown in peritoneal leukocytes and organs of old mice and adult prematurely aging mice (PAM) after cohabitation with adults or exceptional non-prematurely aging mice (ENPAM), respectively, for 2 months, but adults and ENPAM experienced deterioration.

Frailty and biological age. Which best describes our aging and longevity?

Frailty and Biological Age are two closely related concepts; however, frailty is a multisystem geriatric syndrome that applies to elderly subjects, whereas biological age is a gerontologic way to describe the rate of aging of each individual, which can be used from the beginning of the aging process, in adulthood. If frailty reaches less consensus on the definition, it is a term much more widely used than this of biological age, which shows a clearer definition but is scarcely employed in social and medical fields. In this review, we suggest that this Biological Age is the best to describe how we are aging and determine our longevity, and several examples support our proposal.

Influence of consumption of the food additive carrageenan on the gut microbiota and the intestinal homeostasis of mice.

The safety of the carrageenan (CGN) consumption as a food additive is under debate, with negative effects being associated with the products of hydrolysis of CGN. Moreover, there is an increasing need to integrate gut microbiome analysis in the scientific risk assessment of food additives. The objective of this study was to test the effects of CGN consumption on the gut microbiota and the intestinal homeostasis of young male and female mice.

Intracellular cytokines in peritoneal leukocytes relate to lifespan in aging and long-lived female mice.

Peritoneal immune cell function is a reliable indicator of aging and longevity in mice and inflammaging is associated with a shorter lifespan. Nevertheless, it is unknown if the content of cytokines in these immune cells is linked to individual differences in lifespan. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate different peritoneal leukocyte populations and their content in intracellular pro-inflammatory (TNF and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by flow cytometry in adult (10 months-old, n = 8) and old (18 months-old, n = 20) female Swiss/ICR mice.

Predictive Models of Life Span in Old Female Mice Based on Immune, Redox, and Behavioral Parameters.

The development of mathematical models capable of predicting the lifespan of animals is growing. However, there are no studies that compare the predictive power of different sets of parameters depending on the age of the animals. The aim of the present study is to test whether mathematical models for life span prediction developed in adult female mice based on immune, redox, and behavioral parameters can predict life span in old animals and to develop new models in old mice.

The immunity and redox clocks in mice, markers of lifespan.

Immune function and redox markers are used for estimating the aging rate, namely biological age (BA). However, it is unknown if this BA and its changes can be reflected in longevity. Thus, we must quantify BA in experimental animals.

Components of the Glutathione Cycle as Markers of Biological Age: An Approach to Clinical Application in Aging.

The oxidative-inflammatory theory of aging states that aging is the result of the establishment of a chronic oxidative-inflammatory stress situation in which the immune system is implicated. Among the redox parameters, those involved in the glutathione cycle have been suggested as essential in aging. Thus, the first objective of this study was to determine if several components of the glutathione cycle (glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH)) in leukocytes) are associated with the biological age (ImmunolAge) estimated using the Immunity Clock in 190 men and women.

Positive effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on behavior, immune function, and oxidative and inflammatory state in old mice.

The establishment of chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress with aging leads to the deterioration of the nervous and immune systems and, consequently, to the loss of health. The aim of this work was to study the effect of exposure to low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) produced by the NEURALTER® system (15 min/day for 4 weeks) in the behavior, immune functions, and oxidative and inflammatory state of old mice. Female old CD1 mice were divided into three groups: control group, handling control group and Neuralter group.

[Touch, a crucial sense in social interactions to improve homeostasis in aging and promote healthy longevity].

Aging is associated with the generalized deterioration of the organism, being of great relevance experienced by homeostatic systems such as the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Among the lifestyle strategies that have been researched to improve these systems and achieve greater healthy longevity, this review will focus on the social environment. In order to verify the effectiveness of these both in the improvement of homeostasis and in life expectancy, the research carried out with experimental animals that have allowed this to be done will be discussed.

Sex differences in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. Involvement on longevity.

Endocrine, nervous, and immune systems work coordinately to maintain the global homeostasis of the organism. They show sex differences in their functions that, in turn, contribute to sex differences beyond reproductive function. Females display a better control of the energetic metabolism and improved neuroprotection and have more antioxidant defenses and a better inflammatory status than males, which is associated with a more robust immune response than that of males.

Skin-to-Skin Contact: Crucial for Improving Behavior, Immunity, and Redox State after Short Cohabitation of Chronologically Old Mice and Prematurely Aging Mice with Adult Mice.

(1) Background: Aging is characterized by a deterioration of the homeostatic systems, namely the nervous and immune systems. The rate of aging can be modified by lifestyle factors such as social interactions. Recently, improvements in behavior, immune function, and oxidative state were observed in adult prematurely aging mice (PAM) and chronologically old mice after cohabitation with exceptional non-PAM (E-NPAM) and adult mice, respectively, for 2 months.

Sex differences in markers of oxidation and inflammation. Implications for ageing.

Sexual dimorphism is a key factor to consider in the ageing process given the impact that it has on life expectancy. The oxidative-inflammatory theory of ageing states that the ageing process is the result of the establishment of oxidative stress which, due to the interplay of the immune system, translates into inflammatory stress, and that both processes are responsible for the damage and loss of function of an organism. We show that there are relevant gender differences in a number of oxidative and inflammatory markers and propose that they may account for the differential lifespan between sexes, given that males display, in general, higher oxidation and basal inflammation.

A short social interaction between adult and old mice improves the homeostatic systems and increases healthy longevity.

The aging process can be influenced by environmental factors, such as the social environment. The continuous cohabitation of the chronologically old mice with adult animals improves them at the behavioral level, immune function, oxidative stress and longevity, but causes a deterioration of these parameters in adults. Therefore, the objective of the study was to study whether the coexistence for only 15 min a day of old mice with adult mice, can produce that improvement and greater longevity in old animals without causing deterioration in adults.

The Role of Immune Cells in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging.

Aging is the result of the deterioration of the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems), which preserve the organism's health. We propose that the age-related impairment of these systems is due to the establishment of a chronic oxidative stress situation that leads to low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the immune system's activity. It is known that the immune system weakens with age, which increases morbidity and mortality.

Daily ingestion of Akkermansia mucciniphila for one month promotes healthy aging and increases lifespan in old female mice.

The ingestion of certain probiotics has been suggested as a promising nutritional strategy to improve aging. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the daily intake, for a month, of a new probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) (2 × 10 cfu/100µL PBS) on behavior, as well as function and redox state of immune cells of old female ICR-CD1 mice (OA group). For this, several behavioral tests were performed, and function and oxidative-inflammatory stress parameters of peritoneal leukocytes were analyzed in OA group, in a group of the same age that did not take AKK (old control, OC group) and in another adult control (AC) group.

The Immunity Clock.

The immune system has been for long considered a marker of health. The age-related decline in its function results in a greater incidence of infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Nevertheless, it is still not known if immune function can be used to accurately estimate the rate of aging of an individual.

Vitamin C and vitamin C plus E improve the immune function in the elderly.

With aging the immune response is impaired. This immunosenescence, in which an alteration of the redox state of the immune cells appears, is involved in the rate of aging. Since leukocyte function is a good marker of health and predictor of longevity, the effects of daily oral administration of the antioxidant vitamin C (500 mg), or both vitamin C (500 mg) and vitamin E (200 mg) on several blood neutrophil (adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide anion levels) and lymphocyte (adherence, chemotaxis, proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and natural killer activity) functions were studied in healthy elderly men and women.