Maternal Omega-6/Omega-3 Concentration Ratio During Pregnancy and Infant Neurodevelopment: The ECLIPSES Study.

Background: The balance of omega-6/omega-3 (-6/-3) is crucial for proper brain function as they have opposite physiological roles.

Objectives: To analyze the association between maternal serum ratios of -6/-3 in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and the neurodevelopment of their children in the early days after birth in the population of Northern Spain's Mediterranean region.

Methods: Longitudinal study in which 336 mother-child pairs participated.

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Reference Ranges in Pregnant Women from a Mediterranean Region of Northern Spain: ECLIPSES Study.

Maternal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a critical role in fetal development and metabolic programming. However, an important gap in the analysis of such relationships is the lack of reference values in pregnant women. Therefore, we establish serum SCFA percentile reference ranges both early and later in pregnancy in a population from a Mediterranean region of Northern Spain.

Design, development and validation of Food Frequency Questionnaires for the diabetic population: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The Food Frequency Questionnaire is one of the most widely used tools for estimating nutritional intake in epidemiological studies. No study has been systematically performed to comprehensively explore Food Frequency Questionnaires designed, developed and validated specifically for the diabetic population (FFQs-DDV-DiaP). Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be carried out in order to identify and describe FFQs-DDV-DiaP; to examine their design, development, validity and reproducibility; as well as to estimate the overall degree of correlation and agreement; and to evaluate the factors that affect them.

Changes in fatty acid levels (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) during pregnancy.

Background: During pregnancy a high amount of fatty acids (FA) is necessary to meet foetus demands, which vary during gestation. The present study describes the changes in maternal fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women.

Methods: This is a longitudinal study of 479 pregnant women who were monitored from the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy.

Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy and Post-Partum: ECLIPSES Study.

Pregnancy and post-partum are critical periods in which nutritional intake is essential to maternal and child health. Our aim was to describe dietary intake during pregnancy and post-partum and assess its adequacy. A longitudinal study was conducted on 793 pregnant women.

The Effectiveness of Different Doses of Iron Supplementation and the Prenatal Determinants of Maternal Iron Status in Pregnant Spanish Women: ECLIPSES Study.

Iron deficiency (ID), anemia, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and excess iron (hemoconcentration) harm maternal-fetal health. We evaluated the effectiveness of different doses of iron supplementation adjusted for the initial levels of hemoglobin (Hb) on maternal iron status and described some associated prenatal determinants. The ECLIPSES study included 791 women, randomized into two groups: Stratum 1 (Hb = 110-130g/L, received 40 or 80mg iron daily) and Stratum 2 (Hb > 130g/L, received 20 or 40mg iron daily).

Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Post-Partum. ECLIPSES Study.

Inadequate maternal diet can adversely affect mother and child. Our aim was to assess adherence to the Spanish dietary guidelines and to the Mediterranean diet, to analyze changes in diet during pregnancy and post-partum, and to identify maternal factors associated with food consumption. A total of 793 healthy pregnant women were recruited during the first prenatal visit and followed until the post-partum period.

[Consumption of free sugars and excess weight in infants. A longitudinal study].

Introduction: The consumption of free sugars has been related to excess weight, with the WHO recommending an intake of <10% of total energy. The aim of this study is to assess the association between the consumption of free sugars at 12 months and the risk of excess weight at 30 months in healthy children.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on 81 children followed-up from birth to 30 months.

Emotional Symptoms and Dietary Patterns in Early Adolescence: A School-Based Follow-up Study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between early emotional symptoms and dietary patterns over 3 years in a school-based sample.

Design: Three-year longitudinal prospective study.

Setting: Thirteen schools in Reus, Spain.

Longitudinal study of psychopathological, anthropometric and sociodemographic factors related to the level of Mediterranean diet adherence in a community sample of Spanish adolescents.

Objective: The Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has important health benefits; however, it seems that Spanish school-aged children have been abandoning this healthy pattern recently. We aimed to identify psychopathological, anthropometric and sociodemographic factors that may influence the risk of low MD adherence.

Design: Longitudinal study in three phases.

Association study of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter polymorphism (MAOA-uVNTR) with self-reported anxiety and other psychopathological symptoms in a community sample of early adolescents.

The polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-uVNTR) is reported to be an important enzyme involved in human physiology and behavior. With a sample of 228 early-adolescents from a community sample (143 girls) and adjusting for environmental variables, we examined the influence of MAOA-uVNTR alleles on the scores obtained in the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders and in the Child Symptom Inventory-4. Our results showed that girls with the high-activity MAOA allele had higher scores for generalized and total anxiety than their low-activity peers, whereas boys with the low-activity allele had higher social phobia scores than boys with the high-activity allele.

Dietary intake and nutritional risk in Mediterranean adolescents in relation to the severity of the eating disorder.

Objective: To assess the relationship between the degree of severity of eating disorders (ED) and energy and nutrient intakes and nutritional risk in a mixed-sex adolescent population without clinical symptoms.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Data were collected in schools.

Adapting iron dose supplementation in pregnancy for greater effectiveness on mother and child health: protocol of the ECLIPSES randomized clinical trial.

Background: Currently, there is no consensus regarding iron supplementation dose that is most beneficial for maternal and offspring health during gestation. Recommended iron supplementation dose does not preempt anemia in around 20% of the pregnancies, nor the risk of hemoconcentration in 15%. This deficit, or excess, of iron prejudices the mother-child wellbeing.

Psychopathological factors that can influence academic achievement in early adolescence: a three-year prospective study.

This three-phase prospective study investigated psychosocial factors predicting or associated with academic achievement. An initial sample of 1,514 school-age children was assessed with screening tools for emotional problems (Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders; Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version; Children's Depression Inventory). The following year, 562 subjects (risk group/without risk group) were re-assessed and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was assessed.

A prospective study of paediatric obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in a Spanish community sample.

The obsessive-compulsive manifestations course was assessed with the Leyton obsessional inventory-child version survey (LOI-CV) in a 3-year prospective study, using a non-clinical sample. From an initial sample of 1,514 school-age children who underwent symptoms screening for obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depression, 562 subjects (risk group/without risk group) were re-assessed in the 2nd phase and 242 subjects were monitored after 3 years. LOI-CV scores significantly decreased over time independently of age and gender.

Emotional psychopathology and increased adiposity: follow-up study in adolescents.

Based on data from a three-year longitudinal study, we assess the effect, according to gender, of emotional psychopathology in preadolescence on anthropometric and body composition parameters in adolescence (N = 229). Psychopathology was assessed using the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders, the Children's Depression Inventory and the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Kids. Body fat percentage (%BF), waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were also determined.