Melatonin Preserves Fluidity in Cell and Mitochondrial Membranes against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion.

We evaluated the in vivo effects of melatonin treatment on oxidative damage in the liver in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion. A total of 37 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia, ischemia + reperfusion, and ischemia + reperfusion + melatonin. Hepatic ischemia was maintained for 20 min, and the clamp was removed to initiate vascular reperfusion for 30 min.

Fluid therapy and traumatic brain injury: A narrative review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health and social problem. The mechanism of damage of this entity could be divided into two phases: (1) a primary acute injury because of the traumatic event; and (2) a secondary injury due to the hypotension and hypoxia generated by the previous lesion, which leads to ischemia and necrosis of neural cells. Cerebral edema is one of the most important prognosis markers observed in TBI.

High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in the Emergency Department: Main Benefits in Adults, Pediatric Population and against COVID-19: A Narrative Review.

This review aims to summarize the literature's main results about high flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) HFNC benefits in the Emergency Department (ED) in adults and pediatrics, including new Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). HFNC has recently been established as the usual treatment in the ED to provide oxygen support. Its use has been generalized due to its advantages over traditional oxygen therapy devices, including decreased nasopharyngeal resistance, washing out of the nasopharyngeal dead space, generation of positive pressure, increasing alveolar recruitment, easy adaptation due to the humidification of the airways, increased fraction of inspired oxygen and improved mucociliary clearance.

Malignant hyperthermia syndrome: A rare entity.

Background: Malignant hyperthermia syndrome is a hereditary pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle characterized by hypermetabolic state related to the exposure of volatile anesthetic gases or depolarizing muscle relaxants. It is an infrequent entity that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals, with a very low incidence in pediatrics (1 in 10,000-15,000 anesthetic procedures).

Case Report: We report a case of malignant hyperthermia related to exposure to sevoflurane during adenoidectomy surgery in a 6-year-old female.

Metastatic colorectal micropapillary carcinoma presenting as lymphangitic lung carcinomatosis.

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis denotes the infiltration of tumor cells into the lung parenchymal lymphatic channels. Breast, lung, stomach, and colon adenocarcinoma are the most common origin of this invasion pattern. The micropapillary variant of colorectal adenocarcinoma has a high rate of lymph node metastases and poor overall survival.

Immunotyping of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer and genetic characterization.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reflect the host immune response against cancer cells. Immunomodulators have been recently suggested as a novel therapeutic strategy against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the TIL profile in TNBC has not been thoroughly investigated.

A solitary presentation of panniculitis in a patient with a history of breast cancer.

Introduction: Panniculits presents as an inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the skin. In breast, panniculitis is very rare and is usually a manifestation of underlying inflammatory conditions. The typical presentation is palpable tender nodules, which in cases of breast panniculitis, triggers an extensive work up to exclude a malignancy.

Pure mucinous breast carcinoma in a 25-year-old female, a case report.

Introduction: Mucinous carcinoma is a variant of invasive breast carcinomas representing 2% of them. These tumors frequently develop in postmenopausal females; it is a rare histological variant in young patients.

Case Presentation: A 25-year-old female refers a slow growth mass of 2 years of evolution.

Determination of plasma lactate in the emergency department for the early detection of tissue hypoperfusion in septic patients.

Objective: To determine the validity of plasma lactate in the emergency department for the early detection of tissue hypoperfusion in septic patients.

Materials And Methods: Longitudinal descriptive study. Non probabilistic sampling for convenience.

[Utility intervention programs in the evolutional control of patients with heart failure].

Acute heart failure (HF) is a prevalent disease with important socio-economic repercussions. Due to the aging of population, these values will increase in the coming years, so it may be useful to the implementation of intervention programs in these patients to decrease morbidity and mortality. A quasi-experimental prospective study (n = 262) of patients admitted at the Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, in Zaragoza, Spain, diagnosed of HF between November 2013 and October 2014 (both dates inclusive) (n = 108) followed up for 1 year was performed.

Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: A review.

Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions. In addition, the dysregulation of the circadian system is observed to be related with alterations in colonic motility and cell disruptions due to the modifications of clock genes expression.

Potential benefits of melatonin in organ transplantation: a review.

Organ transplantation is a useful therapeutic tool for patients with end-stage organ failure; however, graft rejection is a major obstacle in terms of a successful treatment. Rejection is usually a consequence of a complex immunological and nonimmunological antigen-independent cascade of events, including free radical-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). To reduce the frequency of this outcome, continuing improvements in the efficacy of antirejection drugs are a top priority to enhance the long-term survival of transplant recipients.

Melatonin role preventing steatohepatitis and improving liver transplantation results.

Liver steatosis is a prevalent process that is induced due to alcoholic or non-alcoholic intake. During the course of these diseases, the generation of reactive oxygen species, followed by molecular damage to lipids, protein and DMA occurs generating organ cell death. Transplantation is the last-resort treatment for the end stage of both acute and chronic hepatic diseases, but its success depends on ability to control ischemia-reperfusion injury, preservation fluids used, and graft quality.

Melatonin's role in preventing toxin-related and sepsis-mediated hepatic damage: A review.

The liver is a central organ in detoxifying molecules and would otherwise cause molecular damage throughout the organism. Numerous toxic agents including aflatoxin, heavy metals, nicotine, carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, and toxins derived during septic processes, generate reactive oxygen species followed by molecular damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, which culminates in hepatic cell death. As a result, the identification of protective agents capable of ameliorating the damage at the cellular level is an urgent need.

Melatonin as a Potent and Inducible Endogenous Antioxidant: Synthesis and Metabolism.

Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived molecule with pleiotropic activities. It is present in almost all or all organisms. Its synthetic pathway depends on the species in which it is measured.