Impact of Lipids and Vascular Damage on Early Atherosclerosis in Adolescents with Parental Premature Coronary Artery Disease.

Aim: To assess the relationship of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) with carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in adolescents with a parental history of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 healthy adolescents, aged 14-18 years, both sexes, with a parental history of PCAD, that were compared to 50 controls without this history. Questionnaires regarding information of CRFs were applied.

Adipose tissue dysfunction serum markers are associated with high density lipoprotein size and glycation in the early stages of type 2 diabetes.

Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have antiatherogenic properties related to their chemical structure. Adipose tissue (AT) influences HDL reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL cholesterol levels. However, whether AT dysfunction affects HDL subpopulations and their glycation in early type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still unknown.

Exaggerated blood pressure elevation in response to orthostatic challenge, a post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) after hospitalization.

Objective: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-COV-2 (PASC) are emerging as a major health challenge. Orthostatic intolerance secondary to autonomic failure has been found in PASC patients. This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 after recovery on blood pressure (BP) during the orthostatic challenge.

Effect of dietary chia supplementation on glucose metabolism and adipose tissue function markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease subjects.

Background: adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor for diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an abundant source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber which could improve adipose tissue functionality. Aim: to analyze the effect of an isocaloric chia-supplemented diet on glucose metabolism, adipose tissue inflammation, and endothelial function markers in patients with NAFLD and early stages of diabetes.

Uric acid is associated with morpho-functional adipose tissue markers in apparently healthy subjects.

Background: Studies have focused on the search of novel biomarkers that allow to easily identify dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT). Uric acid (UA) could be produced and reabsorbed by AT. It has been suggested that the increases of UA concentrations participates in AT dysfunction.

Cardiovascular autonomic responses during head-up tilt test in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Background: Autonomic dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have confirmed the value of both subjectively assessed symptoms and objective measurements of autonomic nervous system function in diagnosing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. However, the head-up tilt test (HUTT) has been rarely used to investigate cardiovascular autonomic responses in subjects with high risk of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (nT2D).

Dysfunctional adiposity index as a marker of adipose tissue morpho-functional abnormalities and metabolic disorders in apparently healthy subjects.

Compared to body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and adiposity measurements, adipose tissue (AT) morpho-functionality evaluations are better predictors of cardiometabolic abnormalities (CA). The present study establishes a dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) as an early marker of CA based on adipocytes morpho-functional abnormalities. DAI was established in 340 subjects without cardiovascular risk factors selected from a cross-sectional study (n=1600).

Effects of fatty liver on the size and composition of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subpopulations in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emerging disease in the pediatric population. The association between T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described. Recent evidence suggests that sizes and composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be more important that HDL-C levels in predicting coronary heart disease.

Metabolic control achievement in a population with premature coronary artery disease: results of the genetics of atherosclerotic disease study.

Background And Aims: To the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the metabolic control of patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study analyzes the metabolic control, defined as the simultaneous target in blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c, as well as the factors associated with its achievement in patients with premature CAD.

Methods: The study included 1206 patients with CAD diagnosed before the age of 55 and 65 years in men and women, respectively.

Control of blood pressure levels in patients with premature coronary artery disease: Results from the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease study.

High blood pressure (BP) is the major cardiovascular-risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), principally in young patients who have an important and increasing socioeconomic burden. Despite the Seventh Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7), recommended BP target <140/90 mm Hg for patients with stable CAD, in 2017 the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) updated BP target to <130/80 mm Hg. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of BP control in patients with premature CAD using both criteria.

Prevalence of poor lipid control in patients with premature coronary artery disease.

Background And Aims: Lipid goals have become more stringent in high risk patients. However, no studies have analyzed lipid control defined as the composite achievement of goals in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) and apolipoproteinB-100 (ApoB-100), in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to analyze lipid control rates, and the associated factors with its poor achievement in patients with premature CAD.

Chia (Salvia hispanica)-supplemented diet ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its metabolic abnormalities in humans.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health problem lacking an approved pharmacological treatment. Omega-3 fatty acids have shown to reverse NAFLD. Chia is a seed rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), antioxidants, and fiber; therefore, it could be useful to treat NAFLD.

Participation of white adipose tissue dysfunction on circulating HDL cholesterol and HDL particle size in apparently healthy humans.

Objective: To use the combined presence of the elevated insulin resistance index in adipose tissue (Adipo-IR) and low values of adiponectin as a marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue, and to analyze its possible association with low values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and small size of HDL particles.

Research Design And Methods: The analysis included 253 subjects with functional adipose tissue and 253 with dysfunctional adipose tissue, considering similar gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). Adipo-IR was considered when index values (free fatty acids × insulin concentrations) were ≥75th percentile.

PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein characteristics as cardiovascular biomarkers.

Introduction: Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group).

Material And Methods: A case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Carotid Artery Plaques in Patients with Premature Coronary Heart Disease.

Background: In subjects without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with carotid artery plaques (CAP), which is a better marker than high carotid intima-media thickness (hCIMT) for predicting first or recurrent cardiovascular events.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the association of T2DM with CAP and hCIMT in premature CHD patients.

Methods: Premature CHD was considered before the age of 55 years in men and before 65 in women.

Association of Adiponectin with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in a Mexican-Mestizo Population.

Background And Aims: Adiponectin (ADPN) is a cardioprotective adipocytokine, and its association with atherosclerosis development is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of low ADPN plasma levels with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in a Mexican-Mestizo population without history of diabetes or coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: In 818 subjects (53.

[Prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcification in an asymptomatic cardiovascular Mexican population: Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease study].

Objective: The prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a specific marker of atherosclerosis, is unknown in Mexico. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and quantity of CAC and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Mexican population.

Methods: CAC was measured by multidetector computed tomography in asymptomatic subjects who participated in the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease study.

Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue but Not in Liver Is Associated with Aortic Valve Calcification.

. Insulin resistance is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with cardiovascular calcification has yielded conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance on the presence of coronary artery (CAC > 0) and aortic valve calcification (AVC > 0).

Microalbuminuria and its Association with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Mexican Mestizo population: the GEA study.

Background: Microalbuminuria is an early marker of atherosclerosis. Ethnic differences for both conditions have been reported. We studied microalbuminuria prevalence and its association with coronary artery calcification as an early atherosclerosis marker in a Mexican-Mestizo population free of diabetes and hypertension (healthy), as well as in hypertensive and diabetic subjects.

Adipose tissue dysfunction increases fatty liver association with pre diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: To evaluate the role of adipose tissue function on the association of fatty liver (FL) with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2D).

Methods: In 1264 subjects, computed tomography was used to evaluate FL and elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Fasting plasma glucose, <5.

Serum magnesium is inversely associated with coronary artery calcification in the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) study.

Background: Serum magnesium is inversely associated to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with chronic kidney disease. There is little information on this association in a general healthy population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association of serum magnesium levels with CAC.

Self-perceived stress is associated with adiposity and atherosclerosis. The GEA Study.

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that psychological stress is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Obesity prevalence shows accelerating trends worldwide, and is known to be associated with a range of comorbidities and survival. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-perceived psychological stress with parameters of adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical atherosclerosis in Mexican participants.

Fatty liver and abdominal fat relationships with high C-reactive protein in adults without coronary heart disease.

Background And Rationale: Fatty liver (FL) and abdominal visceral fat (AVF) are strongly associated with systemic inflammation, however, it has not been defined if each one is independently involved, and if the insulin resistance is associated. To investigate if FL, AVF and insulin resistance are independently or additively associated with the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in subjects without coronary artery disease we included 491 men and 553 women.

Material And Methods: All had anthropometric and plasma biochemical measurements, FL and AVF assessments by computed tomography.

Role of adiponectin and free fatty acids on the association between abdominal visceral fat and insulin resistance.

Background: Experimental studies have shown that high free fatty acid (FFA) and low adiponectin (ADIPO) levels are involved in the mechanisms by which adiposity promotes insulin resistance (IR). However, no previous clinical studies have simultaneously analysed the relative contribution of FFA and ADIPO levels on the relation of abdominal visceral fat (AVF) with insulin resistance.

Objective: To analyse the contribution of low ADIPO (adiponectin < =p25th: 8.