Exploring the Correlation Between Salt Tolerance and Seed Nutritional Value of Different Quinoa Genotypes Grown Under Saharan Climatic Conditions.

Quinoa is an annual pseudocereal highly adapted to extreme environments and has become, at this point in time, an extremely popular food due to its exceptional and high nutritional quality. This study aims to investigate the association of quinoa salt tolerance at an early developmental stage with its grain nutritional value under the effect of severe climatic hurdles. The current findings revealed a significant variability between genotypes in salt response attributes at the first development stage, where genotypes Amarilla Sacaca (thereafter, ) and QQ57 exhibited high salt tolerance thresholds with a low salt sensitivity index (SI), and a high capacity for Na sequestration into vacuoles.

GWAS unravels acid phosphatase ACP2 as a photosynthesis regulator under phosphate starvation conditions through modulating serine metabolism in rice.

Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) deficiency significantly impacts plant growth, development, and photosynthetic efficiency. This study evaluated 206 rice accessions from a MiniCore population under both Pi-sufficient (Pi) and Pi-starvation (Pi) conditions in the field to assess photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency (PPUE), defined as the ratio of A to A. A genome-wide association study and differential gene expression analyses identified an acid phosphatase gene (ACP2) that responds strongly to phosphate availability.

Cold-induced inhibition of photosynthesis-related genes integrated by a TOP6 complex in rice mesophyll cells.

Photosynthesis is the most temperature-sensitive process in the plant kingdom, but how the photosynthetic pathway responds during low-temperature exposure remains unclear. Herein, cold stress (4°C) induced widespread damage in the form DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in the mesophyll cells of rice (Oryza sativa), subsequently causing a global inhibition of photosynthetic carbon metabolism (PCM) gene expression. Topoisomerase genes TOP6A3 and TOP6B were induced at 4°C and their encoded proteins formed a complex in the nucleus.

An Evidence Theory and Fuzzy Logic Combined Approach for the Prediction of Potential ARF-Regulated Genes in Quinoa.

Quinoa constitutes among the tolerant plants to the challenging and harmful abiotic environmental factors. Quinoa was selected as among the model crops destined for bio-saline agriculture that could contribute to the staple food security for an ever-growing worldwide population under various climate change scenarios. The auxin response factors (ARFs) constitute the main contributors in the plant adaptation to severe environmental conditions.

Evolution of gene regulatory network of C photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria reveals the evolutionary status of C-C intermediate species.

C photosynthesis evolved from ancestral C photosynthesis by recruiting pre-existing genes to fulfill new functions. The enzymes and transporters required for the C metabolic pathway have been intensively studied and well documented; however, the transcription factors (TFs) that regulate these C metabolic genes are not yet well understood. In particular, how the TF regulatory network of C metabolic genes was rewired during the evolutionary process is unclear.

The Ethylene Response Factor ERF5 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in 'Zijin' Mulberry Fruits by Interacting with and Genes.

Ethylene promotes ripening in fruits as well as the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in plants. However, the question of which ethylene response factors (ERFs) interact with the genes along the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is yet to be answered. Herein, we conduct an integrated analysis of transcriptomes and metabolome on fruits of two mulberry genotypes ('Zijin', ZJ, and 'Dashi', DS, with high and low anthocyanin abundance, respectively) at different post-flowering stages.

Arabidopsis ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 directly regulates the expression of PG1β-like family genes in response to aluminum stress.

The genes in the subfamily PG1β (beta subunit of poly-galacturonase isoenzyme 1) have a clear effect on the biosynthesis pathway of pectin, a main component of the cell wall. However, the detailed functions of the PG1β-like gene members in Arabidopsis (AtPG1-3) have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated their functional roles in response to aluminum (Al) stress.

A Feature Selection Approach Guided an Early Prediction of Anthocyanin Accumulation Using Massive Untargeted Metabolomics Data in Mulberry.

Identifying the early predictive biomarkers or compounds represents a pivotal task for guiding a targeted agricultural practice. Despite the various available tools, it remains challenging to define the ideal compound combination and thereby elaborate an effective predictive model fitting that. Hence, we employed a stepwise feature selection approach followed by a maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (MRMR) on the untargeted metabolism in four mulberry genotypes at different fruit developmental stages (FDSs).

Abscisic Acid Regulates the Root Growth Trajectory by Reducing Auxin Transporter Protein Levels in .

The root is in direct contact with soil. Modulation of root growth in response to alterations in soil conditions is pivotal for plant adaptation. Extensive research has been conducted concerning the adjustment of root elongation and architecture in response to environmental factors.

Photosynthetic performance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) after exposure to a gradual drought stress followed by a recovery period.

Drought is an abiotic scourge, one of the major environmental stress factors that adversely affect plant growth and photosynthesis machinery through a disruption of cell organelles, arrangement thylakoid membranes and the electron transport chain. Herein, we probed the effect of drought stress on photosynthetic performance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Beforehand, plants were subjected to water deficit (as 15% Field Capacity, FC) for one (D-1W) or two weeks (D-2W), and were then re-watered at 95% FC for 2 weeks.

Natural variation in the fast phase of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction curve (OJIP) in a global rice minicore panel.

Photosynthesis can be probed through Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (FI), which provides detailed insight into the electron transfer process in Photosystem II, and beyond. Here, we have systematically studied the natural variation of the fast phase of the FI, i.e.

Alterations in stomatal response to fluctuating light increase biomass and yield of rice under drought conditions.

The acceleration of stomatal closure upon high to low light transition could improve plant water use efficiency and drought tolerance. Herein, using genome-wide association study, we showed that the genetic variation in OsNHX1 was strongly associated with the changes in τ , the time constant of stomatal closure, in 206 rice accessions. OsNHX1 overexpression in rice resulted in a decrease in τ , and an increase in biomass, grain yield under drought.

Photosynthetic and transcriptomic responses of two C grass species with different NaCl tolerance.

This report reveals the effects of salt on the photosynthetic electron transport and transcriptome of the glycophyte Setaria viridis (S. viridis) and its salt-tolerant close relative halophyte Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora).

Contrasting Responses of Plastid Terminal Oxidase Activity Under Salt Stress in Two C Species With Different Salt Tolerance.

The present study reveals contrasting responses of photosynthesis to salt stress in two C species: a glycophyte () and a halophyte (). Specifically, the effect of short-term salt stress treatment on the photosynthetic CO uptake and electron transport were investigated in and its salt-tolerant close relative . In this experiment, at the beginning, plants were grown in soil then were exposed to salt stress under hydroponic conditions for two weeks.

Genome-Wide Association Study Unravels as a Dark Respiration Regulator in Rice ( L.).

Respiration is a major plant physiological process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support the various pathways involved in the plant growth and development. After decades of focused research on basic mechanisms of respiration, the processes and major proteins involved in respiration are well elucidated. However, much less is known about the natural variation of respiration.

Proteome and transcriptome reveal the involvement of heat shock proteins and antioxidant system in thermotolerance of Clematis florida.

Clematis florida Thun (CfT) is an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is a cold resistant but heat sensitive species and deserves to be further investigated to improve its adaptability to heat stress. Exploring the molecular mechanism potential via an omic-analysis constitutes a promising approach towards improving heat tolerance of CfT.

Overexpression of maize transcription factor mEmBP-1 increases photosynthesis, biomass, and yield in rice.

Identifying new options to improve photosynthetic capacity is a major approach to improve crop yield potential. Here we report that overexpression of the gene encoding the transcription factor mEmBP-1 led to simultaneously increased expression of many genes in photosynthesis, including genes encoding Chl a,b-binding proteins (Lhca and Lhcb), PSII (PsbR3 and PsbW) and PSI reaction center subunits (PsaK and PsaN), chloroplast ATP synthase subunit, electron transport reaction components (Fd1 and PC), and also major genes in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, including those encoding Rubisco, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, transketolase, and phosphoribulokinase. These increased expression of photosynthesis genes resulted in increased leaf chlorophyll pigment, photosynthetic rate, biomass growth, and grain yield both in the greenhouse and in the field.

Combined Proteomics and Metabolism Analysis Unravels Prominent Roles of Antioxidant System in the Prevention of Alfalfa ( L.) against Salt Stress.

Alfalfa is the most extensively cultivated forage legume worldwide, and salinity constitutes the main environmental scourge limiting its growth and productivity. To unravel the potential molecular mechanism involved in salt tolerance in alfalfa, we accomplished a combined analysis of parallel reaction monitoring-based proteomic technique and targeted metabolism. Based on proteomic analysis, salt stress induced 226 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs).

Exogenous application of abscisic acid to shoots promotes primary root cell division and elongation.

Root-derived abscisic acid (ABA) is known to regulate shoot physiology, such as stomata closure. Conversely, the basipetal regulatory effect of shoot-derived ABA is poorly understood. Herein, we report that simulation of shoot-ABA accumulation by exogenous application of ABA to shoots basipetally stimulates primary root (PR) growth.

Analytical dataset of short-term heat stress induced reshuffling of metabolism and transcriptomes in maize grown under elevated CO.

This data article describes the analysis of sudden heat stress (SHS) induced transcriptomes and metabolism in SQ maize cultivar ( L. cv. Silver Queen).

Leaf Photosynthetic Parameters Related to Biomass Accumulation in a Global Rice Diversity Survey.

Mining natural variations is a major approach to identify new options to improve crop light use efficiency. So far, successes in identifying photosynthetic parameters positively related to crop biomass accumulation through this approach are scarce, possibly due to the earlier emphasis on properties related to leaf instead of canopy photosynthetic efficiency. This study aims to uncover rice () natural variations to identify leaf physiological parameters that are highly correlated with biomass accumulation, a surrogate of canopy photosynthesis.

Cyclic electron flow may provide some protection against PSII photoinhibition in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves under heat stress.

Previously we have shown that a quick down-regulation in PSI activity compares to that of PSII following short-term heat stress for two rice groups including C4023 and Q4149, studied herein. These accessions were identified to have different natural capacities in driving cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI; i.e.

Response of Chloroplast NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase-Mediated Cyclic Electron Flow to a Shortage or Lack in Ferredoxin-Quinone Oxidoreductase-Dependent Pathway in Rice Following Short-Term Heat Stress.

Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) can protect photosynthetic electron carriers under conditions of stromal over-reduction. The goal of the research reported in this paper was to investigate the responses of both PSI and photosystem II (PSII) to a short-term heat stress in two rice lines with different capacities of cyclic electron transfer, i.e.

How does iron deficiency disrupt the electron flow in photosystem I of lettuce leaves?

The changes observed photosystem I activity of lettuce plants exposed to iron deficiency were investigated. Photooxidation/reduction kinetics of P700 monitored as ΔA820 in the presence and absence of electron transport inhibitors and acceptors demonstrated that deprivation in iron decreased the population of active photo-oxidizable P700. In the complete absence of iron, the addition of plant inhibitors (DCMU and MV) could not recover the full PSI activity owing to the abolition of a part of P700 centers.