Can urticaria severity be used as a biomarker for transition from acute to chronic urticaria?

Background: Acute urticaria usually resolves spontaneously; however, in some cases, it may progress to CSU. We aimed to investigate the underlying factors of AU in children and the clinical and laboratory factors affecting the progression of AU to CSU.

Methods: A prospective analysis was performed in 155 patients under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with AU and treated in our hospital.

Beyond Dermatological Findings: Multisystem Involvement in Prolidase Deficiency.

Objective: Prolidase deficiency is a metabolic and immunological disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In prolidase deficiency, a broad spectrum of differences is observed in patients, ranging from asymptomatic to multisystem involvement. There is scarce information in the literature on the atypical features and immunophenotypes of this disease.

Monkeypox 2024 outbreak: Fifty essential questions and answers.

As the world still vividly recalls the previous monkeypox (mpox) outbreak that impacted over 120 countries worldwide with more than 99,000 cases in 2022, we are now facing a second wave of infections from the monkeypox virus (MPXV), characterized by an exponential increase in cases. The current 2024 outbreak has already recorded more than 20,000 cases in Africa, marking a dramatic escalation compared to previous outbreaks. The predominance of the newly identified clade Ib variant, first detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and now identified across multiple African nations and beyond, underscores its enhanced transmissibility and potential for international spread, evidenced by cases in Sweden and Thailand.

MHC Class II Deficiency: Clinical, Immunological, and Genetic Insights in a Large Multicenter Cohort.

Background: Major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency, a combined immunodeficiency, results from loss of HLA class II expression on antigen-presenting cells. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation stands as the sole curative approach, although factors influencing patient outcomes remain insufficiently explored.

Objectives: To elucidate the clinical, immunologic, and genetic profiles associated with MHC-II deficiency and identify prognostic indicators that affect survival rates.

Allergen-specific B cell responses in oral immunotherapy-induced desensitization, remission, and natural outgrowth in cow's milk allergy.

Background: Antigen-specific memory B cells play a key role in the induction of desensitization and remission to food allergens in oral immunotherapy and in the development of natural tolerance (NT). Here, we characterized milk allergen Bos d 9-specific B cells in oral allergen-specific immunotherapy (OIT) and in children spontaneously outgrowing cow's milk allergy (CMA) due to NT.

Methods: Samples from children with CMA who received oral OIT (before, during, and after), children who naturally outgrew CMA (NT), and healthy individuals were received from Stanford biobank.

Therapeutic modalities and clinical outcomes in a large cohort with LRBA deficiency and CTLA4 insufficiency.

Background: LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency (LRBA) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) insufficiency (CTLA4) are mechanistically overlapped diseases presenting with recurrent infections and autoimmunity. The effectiveness of different treatment regimens remains unknown.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the comparative efficacy and long-term outcome of therapy with immunosuppressants, CTLA4-immunoglobulin (abatacept), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a single-country multicenter cohort of 98 patients with a 5-year median follow-up.

Adverse COVID-19 outcomes in immune deficiencies: Inequality exists between subclasses.

Background: Genetic deficiencies of immune system, referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI), serve as a valuable model to study human immune responses. In a multicenter prospective cohort, we evaluated the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection among IEI subjects and analyzed genetic and immune characteristics that determine adverse COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods: We studied 34 IEI patients (19M/15F, 12 [min: 0.

Evolution and long-term outcomes of combined immunodeficiency due to CARMIL2 deficiency.

Background: Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in CARMIL2 cause combined immunodeficiency associated with dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and EBV-related smooth muscle tumors. Clinical and immunological characterizations of the disease with long-term follow-up and treatment options have not been previously reported in large cohorts. We sought to determine the clinical and immunological features of CARMIL2 deficiency and long-term efficacy of treatment in controlling different disease manifestations.