Objectives: To develop an instrument which could assess the extent to which emotionally maltreating parental behavior was recognized by Turkish parents (Study 1) and to evaluate a group of parental and family characteristics that were related with their recognition of emotional maltreatment (Study 2).
Methods: Self-administered instruments were used in both studies. In Study 1, a representative sample consisting of a total of 498 parents of children attending public and private preschools, elementary, and high schools in Ankara, were recruited.