Favourable humoral but reduced cellular immune response to COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To evaluate both humoral and cellular immune responses to the COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA; BNT162b2) vaccine in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) compared with healthy controls and patient controls (kidney transplant (KTx) recipients).

Methods: This single-centre, cross-sectional and case-control study included 16 patients with cSLE, 19 healthy controls and 19 KTx recipients. We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, neutralising antibody (nAb)) and cellular (interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)) immune responses at least 1 month after administration of two doses of the mRNA vaccine.

A case of crescentic glomerulonephritis with exacerbation of pre-existing IgA nephropathy after COVID-19.

Background: Relapses or new-onset IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have been documented in patients after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2; however, only one adult patient has been reported in whom pre-existing IgAN worsened during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Case: We present the first pediatric case with biopsy-proven IgAN and genetically confirmed Alport syndrome, who developed end-stage kidney disease after an exacerbation of IgAN associated with COVID-19. The patient`s basal serum creatinine was 0.

Magnetic resonance imaging based kidney volume assessment for risk stratification in pediatric autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Introduction: In the pediatric context, most children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) maintain a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite underlying structural kidney damage, highlighting the critical need for early intervention and predictive markers. Due to the inverse relationship between kidney volume and kidney function, risk assessments have been presented on the basis of kidney volume. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based kidney volume assessment for risk stratification in pediatric ADPKD and to investigate clinical and genetic differences among risk groups.

COVID-19 associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

A limited number of cases of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) have previously been reported in association with COVID-19. Our report describes two cases of TMA associated with COVID-19, one of which was successfully treated with eculizumab. The first case was a 23-month-old girl, and the second case was a 9-month-old boy.

A novel homozygous missense variant in TBC1D31 in a consanguineous family with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Until now, more than 180 monogenic causes of isolated or syndromic CAKUT have been described. In addition, copy number variants (CNV) have also been implicated, however, all of these causative factors only explain a small fraction of patients with CAKUT, suggesting that additional yet-to-be-discovered novel genes are present.

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Objective: There is an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome among kidney transplant recipients, which adversely affects cardiovascular and renal outcomes in these patients. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and the associations of metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular disease and graft function.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study included 52 kidney transplant recipients (27 males) transplanted before 18 years of age.

Humoral and cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in pediatric kidney transplant recipients compared with dialysis patients and healthy children.

Background: Compared with the general population, the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is lower in adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, data is limited for pediatric KTRs. In this study, we aimed to assess humoral and cellular immune responses to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in pediatric KTRs.

Clinical and subclinical acute kidney injury in children with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Background: Our aim was to identify acute kidney injury (AKI) and subacute kidney injury using both KDIGO criteria and urinary biomarkers in children with mild/moderate COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 71 children who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 from 3 centers in Istanbul and 75 healthy children. We used a combination of functional (serum creatinine) and damage (NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18) markers for the definition of AKI and subclinical AKI.

Comparison of infants and children with urolithiasis: a large case series.

We evaluated the demographic features, etiologic risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcome of the infants and children with urolithiasis (UL). A retrospective multicenter study was conducted including 23 Pediatric Nephrology centers in Turkey. The medical records of 2513 children with UL were reviewed.

A nationwide retrospective study in Turkish children with nephrocalcinosis.

Background: Nephrocalcinosis (NC) is defined as calcium deposition in the kidney parenchyma and tubules. This study aims to determine the etiology, risk factors, and follow-up results of patients with NC in Turkey.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with NC in the pediatric nephrology Department Units of 19 centers from all geographical regions of Turkey over a 10-year period (2010-2019) were included in the study.

Mercury intoxication resembling pediatric rheumatic diseases: case series and literature review.

Mercury is the only metal that remains in liquid form at the room temperature. It is a very toxic metal and even short-term exposure can lead to poisoning. Mercury intoxication can affect many systems such as skin, cardiovascular, genitourinary, central and peripheral nervous, respiratory, and musculoskeletal system.

The impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program on the nasopharyngeal carriage, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children in Turkey.

Background: The 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) was introduced by the Turkey National Immunization Program in 2008 and replaced by the PCV13 in 2011. We assessed the impact of PCV vaccination on the nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) among healthy Turkish children.

Methods: A prospective surveillance study was performed between September 2011 and September 2013 in Istanbul, Turkey.