International Efforts to Save Healthcare Personnel during COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global challenge. Several governments of the world have decided to take drastic actions in order to combat the spread of the disease, including the closing of air, maritime and land borders, as an extreme measure of isolation of each country/region. However, such measures had not prevented the disease from spreading globally; as COVID-19 has already spread in almost all countries.

The frequency of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid deficiency in the neonatal period and infancy, and the relationship with maternal levels.

Aim: The most important function of vitamin B12 is to accomplish DNA synthesis, which is necessary for cell division and proliferation. Deficiency of vitamin B12 causes megaloblastic anemia, retardation of growth, and delay in neuromotor maturation. Newborns whose mothers have vitamin B12 deficiency are born with low vitamin B12 storages, and are at risk in terms of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms during infancy.

Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with adverse reaction to measles and yellow fever live vaccines.

Vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and yellow fever (YF) with live attenuated viruses can rarely cause life-threatening disease. Severe illness by MMR vaccines can be caused by inborn errors of type I and/or III interferon (IFN) immunity (mutations in , , or ). Adverse reactions to the YF vaccine have remained unexplained.

Type I IFN-related NETosis in ataxia telangiectasia and Artemis deficiency.

Background: Pathological inflammatory syndromes of unknown etiology are commonly observed in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Artemis deficiency. Similar inflammatory manifestations also exist in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy in infancy (SAVI).

Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that the inflammation-associated manifestations observed in patients with AT and Artemis deficiency stem from increased type I IFN signature leading to neutrophil-mediated pathological damage.

Ocular Findings in Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Purpose: To identify the ocular features of children diagnosed as having 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a Turkish population, which is the most common microdeletion syndrome with a wide range of facial and ocular abnormalities.

Methods: Sixteen children aged between 4 months and 18 years with a microdeletion in chromosome 22q11.

How effective are the 6 European Society of Immunodeficiency warning signs for primary immunodeficiency disease?

Background: The European Society of Immunodeficiency (ESID) developed 6 warning signs to promote the awareness of adult primary immunodeficiency disease (PID).

Objective: To screen adult patients for the presence of PID using these 6 warning signs to determine the effectiveness of this protocol.

Methods: Questions related to the ESID warning signs for adult PID were added to the standard outpatient clinic file system and asked of 3,510 patients who were admitted to our clinic for any reason.