Extraction of pectin from watermelon and pomegranate peels with different methods and its application in ice cream as an emulsifier.

Pectin extraction from watermelon peel (WP) and pomegranate peel (PP) was carried out using three different extraction methods: classical solvent extraction (CSE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Extraction parameters (pH, temperature, time, and speed/amplitude/power) were optimized to target maximum crude pectin yield (CPY), while the sample-to-solvent ratio (SS) was determined to be fixed at 1:10 w/v at all experiments. CPY was increased by low pH, high temperature, and long time.

Which definition should be used to determine colchicine resistance among patients with familial Mediterranean fever?

Objectives: Colchicine is the main therapy for familial Mediterranean fever (FMF); however, 5-10% of patients are colchicine-resistant. There is no standard and validated definition for colchicine resistance. We aimed to compare the existing definitions for colchicine resistance in both adult and paediatric FMF patients to find out the best definition to determine colchicine-resistant patients.

Pulmonary hypertension in Takayasu arteritis.

Aim: To determine the frequency and define the causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Method: Sixty-four TA patients were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Having an estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) ≥40 mm Hg by echocardiography or if performed, mean PAP ≥25 mm Hg in right heart catheterization was defined as PH.

Blood group 'A' may have a possible modifier effect on familial Mediterranean fever and blood group '0' may be associated with colchicine resistance.

Unlabelled: Aim/purpose: Our aim was to investigate the association between blood groups and colchicine resistance in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients.

Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study. Between January and December 2016, 385 FMF patients were assessed by the Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology outpatient clinics and 297 patients had blood groups (ABO and Rh) results.

Influence of different staining beverages on color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins.

Aim: To investigate the influence of different staining beverages on color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins.

Materials And Methods: Three different composite resins (Filtek Silorane, Filtek P60, Filtek Supreme XT) were tested. Thirty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) per material were prepared and polished with a series of aluminum-oxide polishing disks.

Does the temperature of beverages affect the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin?

Objective: To investigate the effect of beverages' temperature on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin.

Materials And Methods: Fifty specimens of the Filtek Z250 composite (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St.Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and initial roughness, microhardness, and color were measured.

Effect of adhesives and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of a nano-composite to coronal and root dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of "etch & rinse" vs "self-etch" adhesives and thermocycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a nano-composite to coronal and root dentin.

Materials And Methods: FIFTY-SIX EXTRACTED HUMAN MOLARS WERE mounted and ground to expose coronal and root dentin surfaces and were randomly divided into two groups according to adhesive system: SE--a two-step self-etch adhesive (Adper SE Plus, 3M ESPE) and ER-an etch & rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE). The adhesives were applied to the coronal and root dentin of the mounted teeth.

Effects of ozone and ND:YAG laser pretreatment on bond strength of self-etch adhesives to coronal and root dentin.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different disinfection treatments--ozone and Nd:YAG laser application--on shear-bond strength (SBS) of self-etch adhesives to coronal and root dentin.

Materials And Methods: Sixty extracted human canines were ground flat, exposing the coronal and root dentin surfaces, and randomly divided into three groups. The surfaces were untreated (Control) or treated with ozone (HealOzone, KaVo) or Nd:YAG laser (Fidelis III, Fotona).

Microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to enamel and dentin after Er:YAG laser pretreatment with different pulse durations.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to enamel and dentin after treatment with Er:YAG laser using different pulse durations. Extracted human molars were flattened to obtain enamel or dentin surfaces. The enamel specimens (E) were divided into nine groups and the dentin (D) specimens were divided into seven groups according to the surface treatments (n = 6).

Shear bond strength of three different nano-restorative materials to dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of a nano-composite, a flowable nano-composite and a nano glass ionomer to dentin in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Sixty human molars were ground flat, exposing the dentin surfaces, and they were randomly divided into five groups according to the restorative materials and adhesive systems used (n = 12/group). The restoratives were applied to all dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions, using a special jig (Ultradent) in the following manner: Group 1: a nano-composite (NC) (Filtek Supreme XT-3M ESPE) was applied with a two-step self-etch adhesive (SE) (Adper SE Plus-3M ESPE); Group 2: NC was applied with an etch&rinse adhesive (SB) (Adper Single Bond 2-3M ESPE); Group 3: a flowable nano-composite (FNC, Filtek Supreme XT Flow-3M ESPE) was applied with SE; Group 4: FNC was applied with SB and Group 5: a nanofilled resin-modified glass ionomer (Ketac N100-3M ESPE) was applied with Ketac Nano Primer (3M ESPE).