Does learning to code influence cognitive skills of elementary school children? Findings from a randomized experiment.

Background: Coding has been added to school curricula in several countries, being one of the necessary competencies of the 21st century. Although it has also been suggested to foster the development of several cognitive skills such as computational thinking and problem-solving, studies on the effects of coding are very limited, provide mixed results, and lack causal evidence.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the impact of a learn-to-code programme on three cognitive skills in children: computational thinking, fluid intelligence, and spatial orientation, using a randomized trial.

Causal Mediation Analysis in the Presence of Post-treatment Confounding Variables: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study.

In many disciplines, mediating processes are usually investigated with randomized experiments and linear regression to determine if the treatment affects the outcome through a mediator. However, randomizing the treatment will not yield accurate causal direct and indirect estimates unless certain assumptions are satisfied since the mediator status is not randomized. This study describes methods to estimate causal direct and indirect effects and reports the results of a large Monte Carlo simulation study on the performance of the ordinary regression and modern causal mediation analysis methods, including a previously untested doubly robust sequential g-estimation method, when there are confounders of the mediator-to-outcome relation.

Expressions of homeobox, collagen and estrogen genes in women with uterine prolapse.

Objective: Genetic contribution is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We aimed to study the gene expression profiles of the genes HomeoboxA11 (HOXA11), HomeoboxA13 (HOXA13), Collagen Type I (COL1A), Collagen Type III (COL3A), estrogen receptor genes (ESR1 and ESR2) of round (RL) and uterosacral ligaments (USL) in postmenopausal women with uterine prolapse.

Study Design: Gene expressions of 32 postmenopausal women with prolapse were analysed according to gene expressions of 8 postmenopausal women without prolapse.

Comparison of alternative βhCG follow-up protocols after single-dose methotrexate therapy for tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Purpose: To evaluate the performances of five different βhCG follow-up protocols after single-dose methotrexate therapy for tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP).

Methods: Data of patients who received single-dose methotrexate therapy for tubal EP at a university hospital between January 2011 and July 2016 were reviewed. A 'successful methotrexate treatment' was defined if the EP treated with no need for surgery.

Ambulatory urodynamic monitoring of women with overactive bladder syndrome during single voiding cycle.

Objective(s): To present data of standardized ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) performed in women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and to evaluate the relevance of AUM data with clinical findings of the patients.

Study Design: Records of women with symptoms of OAB were retrospectively reviewed (n=249). Of women fulfilling the Overactive Bladder Awareness Tool (OAB-V8) with a score ≥8 and the 3-day voiding diary (VD) with a frequency >7/day (n=167), those who underwent urodynamic investigation were selected (n=76).

Effects of umbilical cord milking on the need for packed red blood cell transfusions and early neonatal hemodynamic adaptation in preterm infants born ≤1500 g: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of umbilical cord milking (UCM) on the need for packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion and hematologic and hemodynamic parameters in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Methods: The infants were randomized into 2 groups: group 1 (UCM) and group 2 (control). The primary outcome was the number of PRBC transfusions during the first 35 days of life.

The value of the progesterone-to-estradiol ratio on the day of hCG administration in predicting ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates in normoresponders undergoing GnRH antagonist cycles.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of the progesterone-to-estradiol (P/E2) ratio on the day of hCG administration with ongoing pregnancy rates in patients with normal ovarian reserve undergoing GnRH antagonist cycles.

Study Design: Observational cohort study including 129 women with normal ovarian reserve undergoing the GnRH antagonist protocol at the IVF unit of Ankara University School of Medicine. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut-off values for the P/E2 ratio detrimental to IVF/ICSI-ET outcomes.

Ectopic ovary autotransplanted over rectosigmoid colon: a case report.

Objective: To report a case of an alive ectopic ovary over rectosigmoid colon serosa that was removed by laparoscopy.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Microdose gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist flare-up protocol versus multiple dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol in poor responders undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer cycle.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of microdose GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) flare-up and multiple dose GnRH antagonist protocols in patients who have a poor response to a long luteal GnRH-a protocol.

Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical study.

Setting: University hospital.

Uterocutaneous fistula after surgical treatment of an incomplete abortion: methylene blue test to verify the diagnosis.

Introduction: Uterocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare clinical condition that can be seen after pelvic or uterine surgery. It can also complicate some obstetric procedures.

Case: We report of an unusual case of an uterocutaneous fistula that developed in a multiparous woman after surgical evacuation of an incomplete first trimester septic abortion.

Cerebral infarctions manifesting as neonatal seizure.

Cerebral infarction is a common cause of seizures in neonates with a prevalence of I in 4000 live births. We report two neonates with different presentations due to cerebral infarction and discuss their etiological and neuroradiological findings in this case report. The initial signs were cyanosis and convulsion.

Effect of hormone replacement therapy on serum levels of tumor markers in healthy postmenopausal women.

Objective: The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum levels of tumor markers is barely defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HRT on levels of tumor markers CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA and alpha-FP.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in healthy postmenopausal women under oral estrogen replacement therapy (ERT, conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.