Value of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 levels in predicting acute kidney injury in very low birth weight preterm infants.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the significance of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) levels in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on 39 VLBW preterm infants. Serum creatinine (SCr) and uKIM-1 levels were measured in the first 24 and 48 to 72 hours of life.

Kyphectomy in neonates with meningomyelocele.

Purpose: Kyphosis is the most severe spinal deformity associated with meningomyelocele (MMC) and is seen in approximately 15% of neonates. Our purpose is to present our clinical experience, to discuss the technique and deformity correction in kyphectomy in neonates with MMC, and to assess its long-term outcomes.

Method: In this prospective study, the authors reviewed eight cases submitted to surgery between 2013 and 2015.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Colistin in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants.

Background: Given the severity and high mortality of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) infections, the use of colistin will increase in patients with MDR-GNB infection.

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous colistin in very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight < 1500 g) preterm infants.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who received colistin between June 2016 and December 2017.

Diagnostic value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) for late-onset neonatal sepsis in infected preterm neonates.

Objective Sepsis is a complex clinical condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to an infection resulting in a fatal outcome. This study aimed to investigate the value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) for diagnosing culture-proven sepsis in preterm infants. Methods Preterm neonates were evaluated for late-onset sepsis (LOS).

Congenital cutis marmorata telangiectatica and syndactyly in a preterm: case report.

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare, commonly benign, congenital, localized or generalized vascular anomaly of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by persistent cutis marmorata, telangiectasia and phlebectasia. Extracutaneous findings may be associated with CMTC in 18.

Arthrogryposis-renal tubular dysfunction-cholestasis syndrome: a cause of neonatal cholestasis. Case report.

Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis syndrome is a rare lethal disorder that involves multipl organ system. It is inherited autosomal recessive and caused by defects in the VPS33B and VIPAR genes. Three cardinal findings of this syndrome are arthrogryposis, renal tubular dysfunction and cholestasis.

Papaverine intoxication in a newborn: an unusual case report.

Herbal agents are increasingly used for medicinal purposes, but there is a lack of knowledge about the content of these agents. Indiscriminate use of herbal agents may cause severe side effects and also death. We report a newborn who developed convulsions and respiratory arrest after oral intake of an opium poppy preparation containing papaverine for its antitussive effect.

Reference values of serum IgG and IgM levels in preterm and term newborns.

Aim: Although, variations of normal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in different gestational age and birth weight groups have been studied so far, data are still limited in newborns, especially in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to determine serum IgG and IgM levels in newborns in order to generate a reference standard for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and address the variations in preterm babies.

Methods: This study was conducted from June 2012 to June 2013 in a level III NICU.

Comparison of neonatal transport scoring systems and transport-related mortality score for predicting neonatal mortality risk.

Objectives: To predict the risk of mortality of neonates, birth weight and gestational age were previously used. However, these criteria were considered inadequate; therefore, various scoring systems have been developed in the recent years. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of predicting mortality by Mortality Index for Neonatal Transportation (MINT), Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-Perinatal Extension II (SNAP-PE-II), and Transport Related Mortality Score (TREMS).

Congenital Complete Tracheal Ring in a Neonate: A Case Report.

Abnormalities of the upper airway tract lead to congenital high airway obstruction and may complicate neonatal airway management in the delivery room. Congenital complete tracheal rings are a rare and unusual tracheal anomaly, usually presenting in the neonate or infant as respiratory distress. The clinical presentation can vary from almost asymptomatic patients to near-fatal airway obstruction.

Risk factors of germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants.

Objective: To determine whether some clinical parameters can be used to predict the hemorrhage and whether the relationship between these clinical variables and the grades of hemorrhage is linear.

Methods: A total of 230 premature infants, born at a gestational age less than 34 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH), the grade of the hemorrhage, and clinical data were assessed with a checklist.

Is radiological appearance of lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus a predictor of clinical outcome?

Objective: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection is the most common viral infection in childhood. RSV-infected infants demonstrate various radiographic findings. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether assessment of radiological characteristics of lower tract infection due to RSV may be a predictor of clinical outcome in newborns.

Is pneumothorax size on chest x-ray a predictor of neonatal mortality?

Objective: Pneumothorax in newborns may result in a significant mortality and morbidity. To predict who will survive or die is of great importance in the clinical management. The aim of this study is to address whether assessment of pneumothorax size on chest X-ray may be a predictor of prognosis in newborns presenting with pneumothorax.

Surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory disorders other than respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: It is suggested that there may be expanded use of surfactant replacement for the neonatal diseases such as meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), pneumonia and possibly bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and short-term outcome of the neonates given exogenous surfactant because of the diseases other than respiratory disease syndrome (RDS).

Methods: This retrospective study included 35 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2012 to December 2012 for an expanded use of surfactant.

Effects of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation versus pressure support plus volume guarantee ventilation in the weaning phase of preterm infants*.

Objective: To compare the effects and short-term outcomes of pressure support ventilation with volume guarantee versus synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation in the weaning phase of very low-birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Design: Randomized controlled prospective study.

Setting: Tertiary care neonatal unit.

The effect of topical ointment on neonatal sepsis in preterm infants.

Objective: To investigate the effects of topical ointment therapy on neonatal sepsis in premature infants.

Methods: A total of 197 premature infants≤34 weeks gestation were randomized to receive topical ointment (Aquaphor Original Emollient) or routine skin care group. Skin cultures were obtained on 3th, 7th and 14th day and blood cultures were obtained if sepsis was suspected clinically.

Cranial sonography in extremely preterm infants.

Survival rates of extremely preterm infants have risen dramatically, paralleling improvements in prenatal and neonatal care. Cranial sonography is the primary imaging technique for the evaluation of brain injury in these patients. Extremely preterm infants have some unique features related to ongoing maturation, and associated findings on cranial sonography should be considered for accurate and early diagnosis.

Central nervous system involvement of epstein barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: successful treatment with rituximab and interferon-alpha.

Unlabelled: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disease is a rare and serious complication in children with leukemia. Although rituximab therapy seems to be promising in these cases, persistent hypogammaglobulinemia may appear after treatment due to complete depletion of normal B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Here we report isolated CNS involvement of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a 4-year-old boy with acute leukemia.

Unsynchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants after extubation.

Objective: To determine the effect of unsynchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation compared to continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants after extubation.

Methods: A total of 67 premature infants who were <35 weeks gestation and/or <2000 g birth weight and received mechanical ventilation because of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were studied. Infants were randomized to receive either unsynchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) with shortened endotracheal tube (Group 1) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) with binasal prongs (Group 2) after extubation.

Reference ranges for sonographic dimensions of the liver and spleen in preterm infants.

Background: Preterm infants usually have multiple comorbidities that affect spleen and liver. Ultrasonographic measurement of organ sizes is an important and reliable parameter in evaluation of spleen and liver pathology in preterm newborns.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine reference values of ultrasonographic measurements of the liver and spleen in preterm newborns.

Reference ranges for sonographic renal dimensions in preterm infants.

Background: Ultrasonographic measurement of kidney dimensions is important in evaluation of renal disease in preterm infants who have multiple comorbidities that affect renal function.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reference ranges of kidney dimensions in preterm newborns and to provide a chart to use easily in daily practice.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated renal dimensions in 498 preterm infants with a gestational age of <37 weeks using sonography within the first week of life.

Escherichia coli brain abscess in a twin pair associated with TLR4 gene mutation.

Brain abscesses are uncommon complications of bacterial meningitis or sepsis in neonates and infants. The causative pathogens of brain abscess in newborns are various. Of those, Escherichia coli is rarely seen as a pathogen in brain abscess at this age.

Comparison of oral and intravenous fluid therapy in newborns with hypernatremic dehydration.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of oral and intravenous fluid therapy in newborns with hypernatremic dehydration.

Methods: A total of 75 term and near-term (>35 weeks) neonates with hypernatremic dehydration (Na ≥ 150 mmol/L) were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups according to therapy approach for rehydration (breast milk-oral formula and intravenous fluid).