The impact of COVID-19 infection on labor outcomes of Mexican formal workers.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had an immediate and severe impact on the economy. However, we do not know whether the disease may have a longer-term effect on people's employment opportunities. In this study, we focus on the effects of COVID-19 infection on labor market outcomes 12 months after diagnosis.

The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed large structural inequalities that led to disparities in health outcomes related to socioeconomic status. So far, most of the evidence is based on aggregated data or simulations with individual data, which point to various possible mechanisms behind the association. To date, there have been no studies regarding an income gradient in COVID-19 mortality based on individual-level data and adjusting for comorbidities or access to healthcare.

Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis.

There is a recurring debate on the role of the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the moderation of response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety disorders. Results, however, are still inconclusive. We here aim to perform a meta-analysis on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the moderation of CBT outcome in anxiety disorders.

Consumption and geographic mobility in pandemic times. Evidence from Mexico.

We analyze the universe of point-of-sale (POS) transactions before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Mexico. We find three key results. First, consumption in Mexico fell by 23 percent in the April-June quarter of 2020 and by 16 percent from April to September of 2020 as compared to expected levels.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography foveal morphology as a prognostic factor for vision performance in congenital aniridia.

Background: Patients with congenital aniridia usually have some degree of foveal hypoplasia, thus representing a limiting factor in the final visual acuity achieved by these patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the foveal morphology assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography may serve as a prognostic indicator for best-corrected visual acuity in congenital aniridia patients.

Methods: Observational two-center study performed between January 2012 and March 2017 in the pediatric ophthalmology department at Vissum Alicante and Vissum Madrid, Spain.

The brain acid-base homeostasis and serotonin: A perspective on the use of carbon dioxide as human and rodent experimental model of panic.

Panic attacks (PAs), the core feature of panic disorder, represent a common phenomenon in the general adult population and are associated with a considerable decrease in quality of life and high health care costs. To date, the underlying pathophysiology of PAs is not well understood. A unique feature of PAs is that they represent a rare example of a psychopathological phenomenon that can be reliably modeled in the laboratory in panic disorder patients and healthy volunteers.

Primary gastric hemangioblastoma: report of a case.

Capillary hemangioblastoma (CHB) is a benign, highly vascularized tumor that generally occurs in central nervous system either in the setting of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease or, more often, as a solitary sporadic lesion that is increasingly recognized in extraneural sites. We present the case of a 18 year-old man with abdominal pain, nausea and hematemesis, the endoscopy showed polypoid tumor bleeding of 5 cm in gastric antrum. The patients had not signs of VHL disease and was subjected to subtotal gastrectomy and referred to our institution.

Intensive behavioral therapy for agoraphobia.

Background: We investigated the efficacy of an intensive 1-week behavioral therapy program focusing on agoraphobia for panic disorder patients with agoraphobia (PDA).

Design And Methods: The study design was a case-control study. Main outcome measure was the agoraphobia score of the Fear Questionnaire (FQ-AGO).

Therapygenetics: 5-HTTLPR genotype predicts the response to exposure therapy for agoraphobia.

This study was intended to assess the extent to which the low-expression allele of the serotonin transporter gene promoter predicts better response to exposure-based behavior therapy in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). Ninety-nine patients with PDA underwent a 1-week in vivo exposure-based behavior therapy program and provided saliva samples to extract genomic DNA and classify individuals according to four allelic forms (SA, SG, LA, LG) of the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). We determined whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype predicted change in avoidance behavior in PDA following treatment.

Brainstem response to hypercapnia: a symptom provocation study into the pathophysiology of panic disorder.

Background: The biological basis of uncued panic attacks is not yet understood. An important theory concerning the nature and cause of panic disorder is the 'suffocation false alarm theory'. This alarm is supposed to be over-sensitive in panic disorder patients and can be triggered by CO2.

On the psychotropic effects of carbon dioxide.

It has been well established that the inhalation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) can induce in humans an emotion closely replicating spontaneous panic attacks, as defined by current psychiatry nosology. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical summary of the data regarding CO2's psychopharmacological properties and underlying mechanisms. The authors review the literature on the human and animal response for the exposure of exogenous CO2 focusing on five points of interest: 1) the early history of the use of CO2 as an anesthetic and therapeutic agent, 2) the subjective effects of breathing CO2 at different concentrations in humans, 3) the use of CO2 in experimental psychiatric research as an experimental model of panic, 4) the pharmacological modulation of CO2-induced responses, and 5) the putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying the affective state induced by CO2.

An environmental analysis of genes associated with schizophrenia: hypoxia and vascular factors as interacting elements in the neurodevelopmental model.

Investigating and understanding gene-environment interaction (G × E) in a neurodevelopmentally and biologically plausible manner is a major challenge for schizophrenia research. Hypoxia during neurodevelopment is one of several environmental factors related to the risk of schizophrenia, and links between schizophrenia candidate genes and hypoxia regulation or vascular expression have been proposed. Given the availability of a wealth of complex genetic information on schizophrenia in the literature without knowledge on the connections to environmental factors, we now systematically collected genes from candidate studies (using SzGene), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and copy number variation (CNV) analyses, and then applied four criteria to test for a (theoretical) link to ischemia-hypoxia and/or vascular factors.

Effects of acute exercise on CO(2) -induced fear.

Background: Acute exercise has shown to reduce the effects of experimental panic provocation in healthy volunteers and in patients with panic disorder. Recent evidence suggests that when larger amounts of CO(2) are inhaled, a large proportion of healthy subjects can also develop an affective response consistent with definitions of a panic attack. Our aim was to test whether exercise can show antipanic effects in healthy subjects when exposed to higher concentrations of CO(2).

Effects of tryptophan depletion and tryptophan loading on the affective response to high-dose CO2 challenge in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: It has been reported that in panic disorder (PD), tryptophan depletion enhances the vulnerability to experimentally induced panic, while the administration of serotonin precursors blunts the response to challenges.

Objectives: Using a high-dose carbon dioxide (CO(2)) challenge, we aimed to investigate the effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and acute tryptophan loading (ATL) on CO(2)-induced panic response in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.

A longitudinal study of the social and academic competence of economically disadvantaged bilingual preschool children.

This longitudinal study was conducted to gain understanding of the social-emotional and academic development of economically disadvantaged bilingual preschool children. In Study 1, the authors combined cognitive, psychosocial, and cultural-linguistic factors to determine profiles of social competence as measured by peer play. A person-centered analysis of 207 Hispanic American preschoolers (ages 4 and 5 years) yielded 6 distinct profiles, 2 of which were socially competent and 1 of which was vulnerable.

Genetic moderation of CO2-induced fear by 5-HTTLPR genotype.

Inhalation of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has been shown to induce a state of negative affect in healthy subjects that is closely related to the clinical phenomenon of panic. It has been suggested that the vulnerability to CO(2) is moderated by differences in serotonin (5-HT) activity, caused by a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the 5-HT transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene. Our aim was to examine the relationship between bi- and tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotype and the affective response to different dosages of inhaled CO(2) in healthy volunteers.

REVIEW: Genome-wide findings in schizophrenia and the role of gene-environment interplay.

The recent advent of genome-wide mass-marker technology has resulted in renewed optimism to unravel the genetic architecture of psychotic disorders. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of common polymorphisms robustly associated with schizophrenia, in ZNF804A, transcription factor 4, major histocompatibility complex, and neurogranin. In addition, copy number variants (CNVs) in 1q21.

Effects of marijuana and diazepam on lipid peroxidation, Na+ , K+ ATPase, and levels of glutathione and 5-HTP in rat brain.

Our aim was to evaluate the effects of marijuana (Mar) and diazepam (Dz) on lipid peroxidation (TBARS), Na + , K + ATP ase activity, levels of glutathione (GSH) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Male Wistar rats were given a single dose per group: extract of Mar (100 microL/kg), Dz (5 mg/kg), Mar plus Dz, and NaCl for control. Sixty mins after treatment, animals were sacrificed, and their brains extracted and homogenised to measure GSH, TBARS and 5-HTP levels.

Cigarette smoking and 35% CO(2) induced panic in panic disorder patients.

Background: A disproportionately large number of persons with panic disorder (PD) smoke cigarettes compared to people in the general population and individuals with other anxiety disorders. Clinical and epidemiological data suggest that cigarette smoking increases the risk for the development and maintenance of PD. The carbon dioxide (CO(2)) challenge is well established as experimental model for panic.

Acids in the brain: a factor in panic?

Several methods to experimentally induce panic cause profound acid-base disturbances. Evidence suggests that CO(2) inhalations, lactate infusions and, to a certain extent, voluntary hyperventilation can conceivably lead to a common scenario of brain acidosis in the face of disparate intravascular pH alterations. The importance of this event is reflected in data that support a model in which experimental panic attacks, as proxy to those occurring spontaneously, constitute a response to acute brain acidosis.

Effect of buspirone on the behavioral regulation of rats in low versus high anxiety conditions.

Introduction: Buspirone (CAS 33386-08-2) is reported to have anxiolytic effects in humans and is mostly described for mild anxiety. To further explore the effects of buspirone on different levels of anxiety, the effect of buspirone was evaluated in two different conditions of the open field which were distinguished as low and high anxiety (enclosed and exposed open field, respectively).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight albino Wistar rats (350-400 g) were tested in two different arena settings, an enclosed and an exposed open field.

The effects of opioid receptor blockade on experimental panic provocation with CO2.

Several reports have linked, among other aspects, the role of an opioid system in respiratory physiology with underlying mechanisms of panic attacks. The involvement of the opioid system in experimental panic is to be further probed. This study aimed to determine whether opioid blockade would increase panic-related symptomatology on provocation with 35% CO2 inhaled by healthy volunteers.

Acute exercise reduces the effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder.

Background: Chronic exercise has been shown to have therapeutic effects in panic disorder (PD). The mechanism of these effects is unknown. Acute exercise reduces the effect of a panic challenge in healthy volunteers.

Resilience among at-risk Hispanic American preschool children.

This study combines cognitive (i.e., intelligence), psychosocial (i.

[Fecal colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit].

Background: Fecal colonization by multiresistant bacteria can be a source of nosocomial infections. The aim of this work was to study fecal colonization by Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients and investigate the resistance profiles of the strains.

Methods: From May to October 2001, 11 stool specimens were collected from each patient hospitalized in the NICU during this period (425 specimens).