The minor in Spanish legislation: an ethics perspective.

Introduction: Legislation embodies and regulates the common values by which a society is governed. Today's society is multicultural and dynamic, a consensus must be reached and values consolidated on which different ideological groups can agree, an approach known as the ethics of minima. The concept of the minor has also been changing over the years; from being perceived as passive to being considered an autonomous individual engaged in the development of his or her life project and the bearer of duties and rights to be progressively exercised according to his or her capacity.

Life Fatigue: A Critical Analysis.

Introduction: In recent years, euthanasia has been decriminalized or legalized in several countries. The debate on whether to legalize such a practice is open in many places and is a topic that arouses great controversy. Euthanasia has been presented as a response to situations of advanced, incurable, or irreversible disease, or situations that cause intolerable suffering to the person.

Persons with mental disorders and assisted dying practices in Spain: In response to Ramos et al.

Ramos et al. paper offers a narrative review of Spanish Organic Law 3/2021, which regulates euthanasia, focusing on its application to individuals with mental disorders. Ramos et al.

Academic climate and psychopathological symptomatology in Spanish medical students.

Introduction: Medical Education studies suggest that medical students experience depression, anxiety and psychopathological symptomatology in a proportion higher than in the rest of the population. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a nationwide analysis to describe student's perceptions of Educational Climate in Spanish medical schools, and its relationship with psychopathological symptomatology.

Methods: The study was carried out in 2022 in all 44 medical schools in Spain, and analyses the academic climate, and psychopathological symptomatology among medical students (n = 4374).

The reuse of genetic information in research and informed consent.

Important advances in genetics research have been made in recent years. Such advances have facilitated the availability of huge amounts of genetic information that could potentially be reused beyond the original purpose for which such information was obtained. Any such reuse must meet certain ethical criteria to ensure that the dignity, integrity, and autonomy of the individual from whom that information was obtained are protected.

Increase of burnout among emergency department professionals due to emotional exhaustion during the SARS-Cov2 pandemic: Evolution from 2016 to 2021.

The objective is to establish there have been any significant changes in the evolution of levels of burnout and empathy at the different Emergency Department in our region, bearing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a healthy region between November 2020 and January 2021. Lleida emergency care centers.

Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Programme on Perceived Stress, Psychopathological Symptomatology and Burnout in Medical Students.

Objectives: Medical students display a high prevalence of psychopathological symptomatology, stress and burnout, which may continue in their time as resident and fully qualified doctors. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of a mindfulness-based programme on these variables in an experimental group of medical students who underwent the intervention programme compared to a control group who did not.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study of two independent groups (experimental and control) with two repeated measures (pre and post) was performed.

Ethical questions concerning newborn genetic screening.

Newborn screening is a public health strategy used to identify certain diseases in the first days of life and, therefore, facilitate early treatment before the onset of symptoms. The decision of which diseases should be included in a screening goes beyond the medical perspective, including reasons for public health and health economics. There are a number of characteristics to include a disease in the screening, such as that the disorder must be a significant health problem, the natural history of the disease must be well known, a feasible and accurate test must be available, there must be a treatment that is most effective when applied before the onset of clinical symptoms and a health system must be in place that is capable of performing the procedure and subsequent monitoring.

[Ethical recommendations for a difficult decision-making in intensive care units due to the exceptional situation of crisis by the COVID-19 pandemia: A rapid review & consensus of experts].

In view of the exceptional public health situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a consensus work has been promoted from the ethics group of the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), with the objective of finding some answers from ethics to the crossroads between the increase of people with intensive care needs and the effective availability of means.In a very short period, the medical practice framework has been changed to a 'catastrophe medicine' scenario, with the consequent change in the decision-making parameters. In this context, the allocation of resources or the prioritization of treatment become crucial elements, and it is important to have an ethical reference framework to be able to make the necessary clinical decisions.

Cross-sectional study of the association between empathy and burnout and drug prescribing quality in primary care.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether burnout and empathy levels among general practitioners (GPs) might influence prescribing performance assessed using pharmaceutical prescription quality standard indicators.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 108 GPs from 22 primary care centers in Lleida, Spain, and of centralized data corresponding to 183 600 patients under their care. The study was conducted between May and July 2014.

Design and Validation of an Instrument To Measure a Minor's Maturity When Faced with Health Decisions.

Decision-making capacity in children and adolescents in healthcare requires thorough assessment: the minor's maturity, understanding of the decision, risk of the situation and contextual factors needs to be explored. The intention was to design and validate a test-the Maturtest-to assess the maturity of minors in decision-making processes in healthcare. A reasoning test on moral conflicts for adolescents was designed to infer the degree of maturity of minors applied to decision-making regarding their own health.

A Pilot Study of the Efficacy of a Cognitive Training Based on Board Games in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The main aim of this study was to prove the efficacy of an intervention based on board games on executive functions (EFs) and clinical symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A nonblinded randomized controlled trial was conducted with a sample of children with a diagnosis of ADHD (diagnosed by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in a mental health center). Children were randomly allocated by matching age and sex, into two groups: experimental EF training group ( = 13; mean [M] = 9.

Ethics and empathy: The relationship between moral reasoning, ethical sensitivity and empathy in medical students.

Unlabelled: High-quality clinical practice includes not only improving clinicians' expertise in scientific and technical aspects but also managing values, ethical sensitivity and skills for assessing and dealing with ethical conflicts. The reviewed literature suggests the presence of an "ethical erosion", according to which ethical competence and empathy decrease or do not progress during medical training. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ethics (moral reasoning and ethical sensitivity) and empathy in a group of medical students and to determine the relationship with other variables such as academic year and sex.

Cross-sectional study of the association between healthcare professionals' empathy and burnout and the number of annual primary care visits per patient under their care in Spain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physician and nurse self-reported empathy and burnout and the number of annual primary care visits per patient under their care.

Methods: Design: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted from January 2013 to July 2014. Site: The 22 primary care centres of the Lleida Health Region in Spain.

[Assessing bioethics education: Teaching to be virtuous doctors or just doctors with practical ethical skills].

Objective: In the last decades, bioethics has been incorporated into the academic training of the Medical Schools. Some studies analyze the ethical-moral development of medical students and the effect of ethical education in other countries. This evaluation is done by measuring Kohlberg's moral reasoning (virtuous doctors), or ethical sensitivity to resolve clinical cases (physicians with ethical skills).