Ovarian Carcinomas: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features With Comments on 2014 FIGO Staging.

According to histopathology and molecular genetics, there are 5 major subtypes of ovarian carcinomas: high-grade serous (70%), endometrioid (10%), clear cell (10%), mucinous (3% to 4%), and low-grade serous (<5%) carcinomas. These tumors, which constitute over 95% of cases, represent distinct diseases with different prognoses and therapy. This review outlines contemporary advances in molecular pathology, which have expanded our knowledge of the biology of epithelial ovarian cancer and are also important to patient management.

Adaptation of a positive youth development program in the community of Guangaje, Cotopaxi, Ecuador.

This study explores the adaptation of a Positive Youth Development (PYD) programme for the Indigenous Quichua community in Guangaje, Ecuador, which faces chronic poverty and low educational attainment. In May, June 2023 we conducted focus groups with school teachers and indigenous community leaders, parents and middle school, high school and college students. We found a disconnect between students' aspirations for higher education and adults' emphasis on practical and vocational training.

Endometrial carcinoma: 10 years of TCGA (the cancer genome atlas): A critical reappraisal with comments on FIGO 2023 staging.

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network described 4 molecular subgroups of endometrial carcinomas with different outcome: 1) POLE ultramutated endometrioid carcinomas which have an indolent behavior; 2) microsatellite instability hypermutated endometrioid carcinomas associated with intermediate prognosis; 3) copy-number low endometrioid carcinomas also with intermediate prognosis; and 4) copy-number high predominantly serous (non-endometrioid) but also serous-like endometrioid carcinomas, almost always carrying TP53 mutations, with poor clinical outcome. After 10 years of comprehensive analysis, it appears that the only real contribution of TCGA to the clinical management of these patients would be limited to the infrequent high-grade, early-stage endometrioid carcinomas with POLE exonuclease domain mutations, as these patients could benefit from a de-escalating treatment; knowledge about the other three subgroups has not changed significantly. The copy-number low (or non-specific genetic profile) which is the most frequent subgroup, is a mixture subgroup where investigators are currently trying to establish prognostic markers; for example, unexpected variations in a relatively small percentage of cases (i.

Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma with transitional-like (SET) morphology: a homologous recombination-deficient tumor.

Thirteen years ago, we pointed out that ovarian transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and conventional high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) had similar genetic alterations and clinical behavior. Consequently, ovarian TCC is now classified as a morphologic variant of HGSC. Defective homologous recombination, resulting from genetic or epigenetic inactivation of DNA damage repair genes, such as BRCA1/2, occurs in approximately 50% of the HGSCs.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT): a case report and review of the literature.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), also known as atypical choriocarcinoma, syncytioma, chorioepitheliosis or trophoblastic pseudotumor, is a rare gestational trophoblastic disease (0.25-5% of all trophoblastic tumors) and it is composed by neoplastic proliferation of intermediate trophoblasts at placental implantation site. It consists of aggregates or sheets of large, polyhedral to round, predominantly mononucleated cells with a characteristic vascular and myometrial invasion.

Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the vulva versus epithelioid sarcomas: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetics study.

It has been suggested that most, if not all, extrarenal rhabdoid tumors of the vulva represent "proximal-type" epithelioid sarcomas. To better understand rhabdoid tumors of the vulva, we studied the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC), and molecular features of 8 of these tumors and 13 extragenital epithelioid sarcomas. IHC analysis for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, EMA, S100, CD34, ERG, smooth muscle actin, desmin, and SMARCB1 (INI1) was performed.

Action on the social determinants for advancing health equity in the time of COVID-19: perspectives of actors engaged in a WHO Special Initiative.

Since the 2008 publication of the reports of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health and its nine knowledge networks, substantial research has been undertaken to document and describe health inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for a deeper understanding of, and broader action on, the social determinants of health. Building on this unique and critical opportunity, the World Health Organization is steering a multi-country Initiative to reduce health inequities through an action-learning process in 'Pathfinder' countries.

Neolithic expansion and the 17q21.31 inversion in Iberia: an evolutionary approach to H2 haplotype distribution in the Near East and Europe.

The chromosomal region 17q21.31 harbors a 900 kb inversion polymorphism named after the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. Since no recombination occurs, two haplotypes are recognized: a directly oriented variant (H1) and an inverted variant (H2).

Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS11610 exerts an effect on the microbial and immunological profile of couples suffering unknown infertility.

Problem: Unknown or idiopathic infertility has been associated with urogenital tract dysbiosis, reducing pregnancy and delivery ratios during assisted reproductive treatments (ART). The Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS11610 strain has shown extraordinary antimicrobial activity in vitro against urogenital pathogens as well as other probiotic characteristics. Therefore, an intervention study was performed to evaluate the effect of L.

Surgical Site Infection by Shewanella algae After Major Surgery in a Patient With Colorectal Cancer: Case Report.

Surgical site infections are a common complication in the management of patients with solid cancer tumors in cytotoxic chemotherapy. The antibiotic combination chosen depends on the neoadjuvant therapy used and the anatomical site and extent of the surgery. In this brief report, we describe a surgical site infection caused by an unusual microorganism and a succinct review of the pathogen's behavior.

Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia, Low-grade: "Much ADO About Nothing".

Atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is considered a precursor of endometrioid carcinoma. The 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification divides endometrial hyperplasia into 2 categories: hyperplasia without atypia and atypical hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN); however, this classification does not consider the degree of nuclear atypia. We graded nuclear atypia for estimating the risk of finding carcinoma at hysterectomy.

Leaving no one behind: a methodology for setting health inequality reduction targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Objectives: To present a methodology for the simultaneous setting of quantitative targets that reflect both an improvement in the national average of an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3), as well as a reduction in its geographic inequality.

Methods: A five-step algorithm was developed: (a) calculate the national average annual percent change (AAPC) for an SDG3 indicator; (b) normatively define geographic strata from the subnational distribution of the indicator in a baseline year; (c) apply a proportional progressivity criterion to the AAPC to project the stratum-specific indicator value for the target year; (d) set the national target as the weighted average of the indicator in the subnational territorial units for the target year; and (e) set the inequality reduction targets by calculating the absolute and relative gaps between the bottom and top strata for the target year.

Results: The algorithm was applied to SDG indicator 3.

Publication rate and citation counts for preprints released during the COVID-19 pandemic: the good, the bad and the ugly.

Background: Preprints are preliminary reports that have not been peer-reviewed. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared in China, and since then, scientific production, including preprints, has drastically increased. In this study, we intend to evaluate how often preprints about COVID-19 were published in scholarly journals and cited.

Genetic Features of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing from Poultry in Mayabeque Province, Cuba.

A total of 434 poultry cloacal samples were collected from seven different farms in different years (2013-2015) in the Cuban province of Mayabeque and analyzed for the presence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R-). Sixty-two 3GC-R- isolates were recovered in total from the farms, with detection rates of 2.9% in 2013, 10.

Characterization of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolated from Pigs in Cuba Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) in has been reported worldwide from humans and animals, but the situation in Cuba is still poorly understood. This study aimed to gain new insights into the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) isolated from pigs in Cuba. Rectal swabs from 215 healthy pigs were taken from different municipalities in the western region of Cuba and spread on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime and ceftazidime.

[Leaving no one behind: Methodology to set health inequality reduction targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3Não deixar ninguém para trás: uma metodologia para estabelecer metas de redução das desigualdades em saúde sob o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3].

Objectives: Present methodology for the concurrent development of quantitative targets that reflect improvement in the national average of an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3), as well as a reduction in geographic inequality.

Methods: A five-step algorithm was developed: a) calculate the national average annual percentage change (AAPC) for an SDG3 indicator; b) standardize the definition of geographic strata based on subnational distribution of the indicator in a base year; c) apply a criterion for proportional progress in the AAPC in order to project the stratum-specific indicator to the target year; d) set the national target as the weighted average of the indicator in the subnational territorial units for the target year; and e) develop inequality reduction targets by calculating absolute and relative gaps between the top and bottom strata for the target year.

Results: The algorithm was applied to SDG indicator 3.

A decade of Ecuador´s efforts to raise its health research output: a bibliometric analysis.

: Over the past decade, the political movement called 'Revolución Ciudadana' implemented a variety of policies and interventions (P&I) in Ecuador to improve higher education and strengthen local research capacity. We refer specifically to the 'Mandato 14' and the Higher Education Law (LOES, Spanish acronym) launched in 2008 and 2010, respectively. : To assess the impact of these P&I (Mandato 14/LOES) on the production of health sciences-related articles (HSRA), and the relationship of these HSRA with the country's health priorities.

Bottlenecks and barriers to effective coverage of early childhood health and development interventions in Guatemala: A scoping review.

Objectives: To identify bottlenecks and barriers to effective coverage by Early Childhood Health and Development (ECHD) interventions in Guatemala.

Methods: A scoping review of more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, and other academic publications was conducted. Articles published from 2005-2019 were considered.

Complete Circular Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain from Cuba Obtained with Nanopore and Illumina Hybrid Assembly.

The complete genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant strain isolated from a healthy pig in Cuba was determined using short and long reads. This strain carried four plasmids, including a 42,683-kb IncX1 plasmid, which contains the third-generation cephalosporin resistance gene together with other disinfectant and antibiotic resistance genes.

Migrated T lymphocytes into malignant pleural effusions: an indicator of good prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

The presence of leukocyte subpopulations in malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) can have a different impact on tumor cell proliferation and vascular leakiness, their analysis can help to understand the metastatic microenvironment. We analyzed the relationship between the leukocyte subpopulation counts per ml of pleural fluid and the tumor cell count, molecular phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), time from cancer diagnosis and previous oncologic therapy. We also evaluated the leukocyte composition of MPEs as a biomarker of prognosis.

Characterization of damage on Listeria innocua surviving to pulsed light: Effect on growth, DNA and proteome.

The effect of pulsed light treatment on the lag phase and the maximum specific growth rate of Listeria innocua was determined in culture media at 7 °C. Fluences of 0.175, 0.