Association of Low Protein-to-Carbohydrate Energy Ratio with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Background/objectives: The relationship between macronutrient intake and cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains underexplored.

Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between the protein-to-carbohydrate energy ratio (%E:P) and cognitive impairment among 192 elderly T2DM patients. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Exam (SAGE), while dietary intake data, including (%E:P), was gathered using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Gastric Epithelial Polyps: Current Diagnosis, Management, and Endoscopic Frontiers.

Polyps are defined as luminal lesions that project into the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract and are characterized according to their morphological and histological features [...

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Antibody Levels Measured by an In-House ELISA in a Convalescent Latin Population Persist over Time and Exhibit Neutralizing Capacity to Several Variants of Concern.

Background: The coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent for COVID-19, first registered in Wuhan, China and responsible for more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Currently, RT-PCR is the gold-standard method for diagnosing COVID-19. However, serological tests are needed for screening acute disease diagnosis and screening large populations during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with and Practices of Cattle Farmers in Kirehe District Rwanda with Respect to Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens.

Rural Rwandan communities face health challenges for humans and animals, and the topography and climate of the Kirehe District of Rwanda put farmers at high risk for mosquito-borne diseases. Individuals from 92 Rwandan farms were surveyed about farm practices, as well as animal and human health histories between December 2017 and February 2018. Human, animal, and environmental factors were investigated to determine whether there is a pattern of risk for abortion incidence and/or history of malarial disease on the farm.

[Barrett's Esophagus: Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment. Review].

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the condition in which a metaplastic columnar mucosa predisposed to neoplasia replaces the squamous mucosa of the distal esophagus. The current guidelines recommends that diagnosis requires the finding of intestinal metaplasia (IM) with goblet cells of at least 1 cm in length. BE affects approximately 1% of the general population and up to 14% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

[Reduction in Helicobacter pylori infection among patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Santiago, Chile, between 2010-2020].

Unlabelled: Latin America presents a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection. Between1996-2003, the prevalence in Santiago, Chile, was 70%; recent studies indicate a decreasein this infection. Updating the frequency of Hp is crucial due to its associated health impact.

Clinical features and prognosis of malignant small bowel tumors: Experience from a university hospital in Chile.

Background: Small bowel tumors (SBT) are infrequent and represent a small proportion of digestive neoplasms. There is scarce information about SBT in Latin America.

Aim: To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and survival of malignant SBTs.

Inflammatory cytokines and a diverse cervicovaginal microbiota associate with cervical dysplasia in a cohort of Hispanics living in Puerto Rico.

Cervical cancer (CC) is women's fourth most common cancer worldwide. A worrying increase in CC rates in Hispanics suggests that besides Human papillomavirus infections, there may be other cofactors included in the epithelial microenvironment that could play a role in promoting the disease. We hypothesized that the cervical microbiome and the epithelial microenvironment favoring inflammation is conducive to disease progression in a group of Hispanics attending gynecology clinics in Puerto Rico.

GST mu-class suppresses the cytokine storm induced by -lipopolysaccharide, whereas it modulates the dynamic of peritoneal macrophages in a mouse model and suppresses the classical activation of macrophages.

Sepsis is the consequence of a systemic bacterial infection that exacerbates the immune cell's activation via bacterial products, resulting in the augmented release of inflammatory mediators. A critical factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis is the primary component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is sensed by TLR4. For this reason, scientists have aimed to develop antagonists able to block TLR4 and, thereby the cytokine storm.

Amerindian ancestry proportion as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel diseases: results from a Latin American Andean cohort.

Background And Aims: Latin American populations remain underrepresented in genetic studies of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Most genetic association studies of IBD rely on Caucasian, African, and Asian individuals. These associations have yet to be evaluated in detail in the Andean region of South America.

Magnesium supplementation alleviates drought damage during vegetative stage of soybean plants.

Our working hypothesis was that magnesium (Mg) supplementation modulates plant performance under low water availability and improves drought tolerance in soybean genotypes. Plants of Bônus 8579, M8808 and TMG1180 genotypes were grown under field conditions and subjected to three water stress treatments (control, moderate and severe stress) and three Mg levels [0.9 (low), 1.

GST mu-class suppresses the cytokine storm induced by -lipopolysaccharide whereas modulates the dynamic of peritoneal macrophages in a mouse model and suppresses the classical activation of macrophages.

Unlabelled: The helminth is known as a master of immunomodulation. It suppresses antigen specific Th1 responses in concurrent bacterial infections while promoting the Th2/Treg regulatory responses, thus demonstrating its anti-inflammatory ability . We have recently demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal injection with native Glutathione -Transferase (nFhGST), mostly comprised of mu-class isoforms, can suppresses the cytokine storm and increasing the survival rate in a mouse model of septic shock (1).

Implementation of the updated Sydney system biopsy protocol improves the diagnostic yield of gastric preneoplastic conditions: Results from a real-world study.

Background: The updated Sydney system biopsy protocol (USSBP) standardizes the sampling of gastric biopsies for the detection of preneoplastic conditions (e.g., gastric intestinal metaplasia [GIM]), but the real-world diagnostic yield is not well-described.

Regulation of plant immunity via small RNA-mediated control of NLR expression.

Plants use different receptors to detect potential pathogens: membrane-anchored pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activated upon perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that elicit pattern-triggered immunity (PTI); and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) activated by detection of pathogen-derived effectors, activating effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The interconnections between PTI and ETI responses have been increasingly reported. Elevated NLR levels may cause autoimmunity, with symptoms ranging from fitness cost to developmental arrest, sometimes combined with run-away cell death, making accurate control of NLR dosage key for plant survival.

Radiologist Worklist Reprioritization Using Artificial Intelligence: Impact on Report Turnaround Times for CTPA Examinations Positive for Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

In patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), timely intervention (e.g., initiation of anticoagulation) is critical for optimizing clinical outcomes.

The mechanisms underlying the immune control of Zika virus infection at the maternal-fetal interface.

Unlike other Flaviviruses, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the first trimester of pregnancy causes severe pregnancy outcomes including the devastating microcephaly and diseases associated with placental dysfunctions. We have previously reported that the maternal decidua basalis, the major maternal-fetal interface, serves as a replication platform enabling virus amplification before dissemination to the fetal compartment. However, the rate of congenital infection is quite low, suggesting the presence of a natural barrier against viral infection.

Mission, Organization, and Future Direction of the Serological Sciences Network for COVID-19 (SeroNet) Epidemiologic Cohort Studies.

Background: Global efforts are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the underlying cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including seroprevalence, risk factors, and long-term sequelae, as well as immune responses after vaccination across populations and the social dimensions of prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: In the United States, the National Cancer Institute in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) as the nation's largest coordinated effort to study coronavirus disease 2019. The network comprises multidisciplinary researchers bridging gaps and fostering collaborations among immunologists, epidemiologists, virologists, clinicians and clinical laboratories, social and behavioral scientists, policymakers, data scientists, and community members.

[Chilean consensus on diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms].

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) are frequently detected on abdominal images performed for non-pancreatic indications. Their prevalence in asymptomatic population ranges from 2.7 to 24.

Evaluation of trefoil factor 3 as a non-invasive biomarker of gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in a high-risk population.

Background: Adenocarcinoma is preceded by chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a peptide secreted by goblet cells, which is abundantly present in intestinal metaplasia.

Aim: To evaluate the utility of serum TFF3 as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.