Intelligence and executive function are associated with age at insult, time post-insult, and disability following chronic pediatric acquired brain injury.

Background: Pediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) profoundly affects cognitive functions, encompassing IQ and executive functions (EFs). Particularly, young age at insult may lead to persistent and debilitating deficits, affecting daily-life functioning negatively. This study delves into the intricate interplay of age at insult, time post-insult, and their associations with IQ and EFs during chronic (>1 year) pABI.

A population-based study of global outcome after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the global outcome longitudinally over 5 years in children and adolescents surviving moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) to investigate changes in outcome over time. The secondary aim was to explore how age at the time of injury affected outcome.

Methods: All children and adolescents (aged 0-17 years; subdivided into children aged 0-10 years and adolescents aged 11-17 years) with moderate (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 9-13) or severe (GCS score ≤ 8) TBI who were admitted to a level I trauma center in Norway over a 10-year period (2004-2014) were prospectively included.

Incidence and mortality of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in children: A ten year population-based cohort study in Norway.

Objective: In this study we wanted to estimate population-based rates of incidence and mortality of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children in one specific region in Norway.

Methods: In the region there are seven acute care hospitals (ACHs) in addition to a Level 1 trauma centre. Of 702 869 inhabitants (2014), 145 395 were children aged 0-16 years.

[Juvenile-onset muscular diseases].

Children with muscular diseases constitute an important group in paediatric neurology. Some of the conditions are very serious and require extensive interdisciplinary treatment and facilitation. There is some degree of optimism regarding the possibility of causal treatment in some of the conditions.

Genes determining the severity of cerebral palsy: the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms on the amount and structure of apolipoprotein E.

Aim: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) influences repair and other processes in the brain, and the apoE4 variant is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and for prolonged recovery following traumatic brain injury. We previously reported that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in the APOE or TOMM40 genes affecting the structure and production of apoE were associated with epilepsy, more impaired hand function and gastrostomy tube feeding in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study explored how various combinations of the same polymorphisms may affect these clinical manifestations.

Child apolipoprotein E gene variants and risk of cerebral palsy: estimation from case-parent triads.

Objective: To use case-parent triad data to investigate if cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with variants of the APOE gene, the rs59007384 SNP of the TOMM40 gene or combined haplotypes of the two genes.

Study Design: DNA was analyzed in buccal swabs from 235 children with CP, their parents and a sibling. The relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) that the children would have a distribution of APOE genotypes, rs59007384 variants or combined haplotypes deviating from Mendelian inheritance were estimated.

Gene sequences regulating the production of apoE and cerebral palsy of variable severity.

Background: The apoE protein is the most important lipid transporter in the brain and has also been shown to have several regulatory functions in the central nervous system. The production of apoE is regulated by a number of genes and increases under certain conditions such as cerebral injury in adults.

Aims: Our aim was to study whether variations in genes regulating the expression of the APOE gene were associated with severity of cerebral palsy (CP).

Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and severity of cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study in 255 children in Norway.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether the presence of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allele APOEε4 is associated with less severe manifestations of cerebral palsy (CP), consistent with the suggested beneficial effect of this allele on neurodevelopment in children.

Method: ApoE genotyping was performed on buccal epithelial cells from 255 children (141 males 114 females; mean age 12y, SD 2y 3mo, range 9-17y) recorded in the Cerebral Palsy Register of Norway. The main outcome measure of CP severity was the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).