Publications by authors named "Espen Enerly"

Introduction: Testing for mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial to identify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients eligible for treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs); This study aims to describe EGFR-mutation testing, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) in localized NSCLC patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients with localized (Stage IB-IIIA) NSCLC registered in the Norwegian Cancer Registry during 2010-2017 were followed from diagnosis until emigration, death, or end of study in 2018. The cohort was linked to data from the Norwegian Patient Registry, the Prescription Database, and the Cause of Death Registry.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Testing for epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFRm) status is a prerequisite to identify eligible patients for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) treatment. However, EGFR testing of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is suboptimal in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to describe real-world EGFR testing practice, EGFRm prevalence, and subsequent TKI treatment patterns in Norway.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Matching treatment based on tumour molecular characteristics has revolutionized the treatment of some cancers and has given hope to many patients. Although personalized cancer care is an old concept, renewed attention has arisen due to recent advancements in cancer diagnostics including access to high-throughput sequencing of tumour tissue. Targeted therapies interfering with cancer specific pathways have been developed and approved for subgroups of patients.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine prevented vaccine HPV type-related infection and disease in young women in the 4-year FUTURE II efficacy study (NCT00092534). We report long-term effectiveness and immunogenicity at the end of 14 years of follow-up after enrollment in FUTURE II.

Methods: Young women (16-23 years of age) from Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden who received three qHPV vaccine doses during the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled FUTURE II base study were followed for effectiveness for an additional ≥10 years through national registries.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Post-marketing studies are commonly performed to follow-up on the safety and effectiveness of a drug or vaccine after approval has been obtained. These post-marketing studies may involve the collection of real-world data from registries and clinical biobanks in order to obtain real-world evidence. As this approach can monitor the effects of pharmaceutical products over decades, it is particularly necessary for the development of safe and effective vaccines.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Many countries have initiated school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. The real-life effectiveness of HPV vaccines has become increasingly evident, especially among girls vaccinated before HPV exposure in countries with high vaccine uptake. In 2009, Norway initiated a school-based HPV vaccination program for 12-year-old girls using the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil®), which targets HPV6, 11, 16, and 18.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Increasing attendance to screening offers the best potential for improving the effectiveness of well-established cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling at home for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an alternative to a clinical sampling can be a useful policy to increase attendance. To determine whether self-sampling improves screening attendance for women who do not regularly attend the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (NCCSP), 800 women aged 25-69 years in the Oslo area who were due to receive a 2nd reminder to attend regular screening were randomly selected and invited to be part of the intervention group.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The impacts of long-term storage and varying preanalytical factors on the quality and quantity of DNA and miRNA from archived serum have not been fully assessed. Preanalytical and analytical variations and degradation may introduce bias in representation of DNA and miRNA and may result in loss or corruption of quantitative data.

Methods: We have evaluated DNA and miRNA quantity, quality, and variability in samples stored up to 40 years using one of the oldest prospective serum collections in the world, the Janus Serumbank, a biorepository dedicated to cancer research.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) (HPV6, -11, -16, and -18) vaccine long-term follow-up (LTFU) study is an ongoing extension of a pivotal clinical study (FUTURE II) taking place in the Nordic region. The LTFU study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of the qHPV vaccine (Gardasil) for at least 10 years following completion of the base study. The current report presents immunogenicity data from testing samples of the year 5 LTFU visit (approximately 9 years after vaccination).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer, and many countries now offer vaccination against HPV to girls by way of government-funded national immunization programs. Monitoring HPV prevalence in adolescents could offer a near-term biological measure of vaccine impact, and urine sampling may be an attractive large-scale method that could be used for this purpose. Our objective was to provide an overview of the literature on HPV DNA detection in urine samples, with an emphasis on adolescents.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: A crucial factor concerning the utility of Cancer Registries is the data quality with respect to comparability, completeness, validity and timeliness. However, the data quality of the registration of premalignant lesions has rarely been addressed. High grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) are premalignant lesions which may develop into cancer, and are often associated with infection with the human papillomarvirus (HPV).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Few studies have performed expression profiling of both miRNA and mRNA from the same primary breast carcinomas. In this study we present and analyze data derived from expression profiling of 799 miRNAs in 101 primary human breast tumors, along with genome-wide mRNA profiles and extensive clinical information.

Methods: We investigate the relationship between these molecular components, in terms of their correlation with each other and with clinical characteristics.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - EGF triggers changes in gene expression that are often disrupted in cancer, and microRNAs play a significant role in this process by regulating messenger RNAs.
  • - Research found that EGF stimulation leads to the coordinated activity of microRNAs and transcription factors, starting with a decrease in 23 specific microRNAs.
  • - This reduction in microRNAs allows for the quick activation of oncogenic transcription factors like c-FOS, and is linked to lower levels of these microRNAs in certain tumors associated with EGFR and HER2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Normal cell growth is governed by a complicated biological system, featuring multiple levels of control, often deregulated in cancers. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the control of gene expression is now increasingly appreciated, yet their involvement in controlling cell proliferation is still not well understood. Here we investigated the mammalian cell proliferation control network consisting of transcriptional regulators, E2F and p53, their targets and a family of 15 miRNAs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Many human diseases, including Fanconi anemia, hemophilia B, neurofibromatosis, and phenylketonuria, can be caused by 5'-splice-site (5'ss) mutations that are not predicted to disrupt splicing, according to position weight matrices. By using comparative genomics, we identify pairwise dependencies between 5'ss nucleotides as a conserved feature of the entire set of 5'ss. These dependencies are also conserved in human-mouse pairs of orthologous 5'ss.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In humans an estimated 35-60% of genes are alternatively spliced. A large number of genes also show alternative initiation or termination. Regulation of these processes is still poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The ribosomal protein RpL14 gene has been characterized in several species, including, human, rat and fruit fly. Haploinsufficiency for the gene causes the Minute phenotype in Drosophila, and it has been proposed as a regulator in the tumorigenic pathway in human. Several features concerning the gene structure have been studied, and some of these differ between human/rat and Drosophila.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Drosophila Minutes are haploinsufficient mutations that are defective in ribosomal protein (rp) production, resulting in short, thin bristles, delayed development and recessive lethality. In a Minute fly, the amount of rp gene messenger RNA (mRNA) is reduced to >or=50% of the normal amount of gene product, and becomes rate limiting for ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation and growth. Haploinsufficiency increases the vulnerability to complete loss of gene function (homozygous null state) if hit by a second mutation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are involved in precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing and rRNA base modifications (2'-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation). Their genomic organization show great flexibility: some are individually or polycistronically transcribed, while others are encoded within introns of other genes. Here, we present an evolutionary analysis of the U49 gene in seven species.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

NELF and DSIF collaborate to inhibit elongation by RNA polymerase IIa in extracts from human cells. A multifaceted approach was taken to investigate the potential role of these factors in promoter proximal pausing on the hsp70 gene in Drosophila. Immunodepletion of DSIF from a Drosophila nuclear extract reduced the level of polymerase that paused in the promoter proximal region of hsp70.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) is a multifunctional ribosomal protein: it is a structural and functional component of the ribosome, and also a DNA repair enzyme involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway. Here we cloned and characterized the genomic organization of the ribosomal protein S3 gene (RpS3) homolog in Drosophila virilis. We then compared gene structure and protein sequences of RpS3 from vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In vertebrate genomes the dinucleotide CpG is heavily methylated, except in CpG islands, which are normally unmethylated. It is not clear why the CpG islands are such poor substrates for DNA methyltransferase. Plant genomes display methylation, but otherwise the genomes of plants and animals represent two very divergent evolutionary lines.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF