Localized scleroderma en coup de sabre in the Neurology Clinic.

Background: Localized scleroderma en coup de sabre (LScs) is a form of localized scleroderma thought to be an autoimmune disorder. Central nervous system involvement is not rare and neurological manifestations include seizures, focal neurological deficits, headache and neuropsychiatric changes.

Methods: Patients attending the Neurology Clinic with the final diagnosis of LScs with neurological manifestations were identified and clinical and imagiological records reviewed.

Paroxysmal dystonia as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Paroxysmal dystonia is a rare manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Case Report: A 41-year-old man presented to our Emergency Department with sudden and repeated episodes of left upper limb flexion and lower limb extension. His medical history included an episode of left facial palsy a year earlier.

Diversity in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: case-based evidence.

Antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) are identified in the form of immune-mediated encephalitis in which typical manifestations include neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures, abnormal movements, dysautonomia and hypoventilation. The authors report two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with different presentations and patterns of progression. The first patient presented with status epilepticus and later developed psychosis, pyramidal signs and diffuse encephalopathy.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings in a patient with cerebral syphilitic gumma.

Cerebral syphilitic gummas are rare entities, consisting of masses of granulation tissue that result from an exacerbated cell-mediated inflammatory response to Treponema pallidum, usually arising from the meninges of the convexity. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings of cerebral gummas have been reported, but diffusion-weighted imaging findings have not been previously described. In our patient, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a juxtacortical lesion with nodular enhancement, moderately restricted diffusion, a dural tail, and surrounding vasogenic edema.