Massive spontaneous subdural hemorrhage mimicking dural venous thrombosis in a sickle cell adolescent, a rare case report.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies in Africa. Tanzania alone accounts for about 11,000 sickle cell births annually making it one of the most common disorders in eastern Africa. The affected individuals are prone to several complications since childhood as a result of the defective hemoglobin structure, these include neurological complications such as ischemic stroke due to hypercoagulability state caused by the disease.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood from Eastern Africa.

Key Clinical Message: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy leads to devastating neurological sequelae and even death. Clinician should try not to miss this diagnosis especially in the pediatrics whenever there are neurological symptoms due to viral infection.

Abstract: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare disease affecting the central nervous system.

Oxygen: Friend or foe in the COVID-19 battle.

Hypoxia and hypoxemia are two different entities. Correcting hypoxemia without hypoxia tends to have disastrous effects and delays lung healing. In this study, we share a case of an elderly man with moderate COVID-19 who never received any form of supplemental oxygen as compared to other patients with similar presentation.

The combined effect of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia inducing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is rarely considered against more common differentials such as diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with polydipsia and polyuria. Hypokalemia and hypercalcemia are known to induce NDI, but not much is known about hypomagnesemia. Hypokalemia refractory to therapy should prompt consideration of hypomagnesemia.

High-anion gap hyperchloremic acidosis mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis on initial presentation - Case report.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often becomes the primary focus and in turn masks a similar serious condition like hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

Case Report: A 20 years old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department (ED) with signs and symptoms corresponding to DKA. Initial pH, HCO Na and Cl concentrations were 6.