Publications by authors named "Esmaeil Mohammadi"
Aim: We evaluated the response to Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria. We determined the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
Background: TACE is the most commonly used method to treat patients with large, unresectable tumors or as bridge therapy in patients with HCC before liver transplantation.
Background: Relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) are at higher risk of developing the disorder. Identifying brain alterations associated with familial vulnerability in BD can help discover endophenotypes, which are quantifiable biological traits more prevalent in unaffected relatives of BD (BD-RELs) than the general population. This review aimed at expanding our knowledge on endophenotypes of BD by providing an overview of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) alterations in BD-RELs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrection: Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index (QCI) of oral disorders: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 1990-2017.
BMC Oral Health
May 2024
Purpose: We aimed to investigate empty sella syndrome in somatotrophic pituitary adenoma for possible etiology, complications, and treatment options.
Method: Among over 2,000 skull base masses that have been managed in our center since 2013, we searched for growth hormone-producing adenomas. Clinical, surgical, and imaging data were retrospectively collected from hospital records to check for sella that lacked pituitary tissue on routine imaging.
Background: Several strategies were implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic to enhance residency training and patient care.
Objective: This study aims to assess the post-pandemic landscape of neurosurgical training and practice.
Method: A survey consisting of 28 questions examining the challenges faced in neurosurgery and the adaptive measures was conducted among US neurosurgery residents from May 2022 to May 2023.
Background: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon, benign, vascular multicystic bony lesion that most frequently develops in the first two decades of life. The metaphysis of long bones, pelvic, and vertebral column are the most common locations. The precise underlying pathophysiology of ABCs formation remains unclear; however, it is believed that reactive processes subsequent to trauma or vascular disturbance may play an important role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death. Despite the great burden, there is lack of data regarding the trend of cigarette smoking in Iran. We described the national and provincial prevalence of cigarette smoking and its 12-year time trend utilizing six rounds of Iranian stepwise approach for surveillance of non-communicable disease (STEPS) surveys.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMortality and disability-adjusted life years in North Africa and Middle East attributed to kidney dysfunction: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Clin Kidney J
January 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed the health impact of kidney dysfunction as a metabolic risk factor in 21 countries of the North Africa and Middle East region between 1990 and 2019, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.
- In 2019, kidney dysfunction led to approximately 296,632 deaths in the region, reflecting a significant increase since 1990, with countries like Afghanistan and Egypt showing the highest death rates associated with this condition.
- The findings highlighted the role of kidney dysfunction in contributing to various cardiovascular diseases, urging policymakers to enhance prevention and management strategies to mitigate its broader health implications.
Article Synopsis
- - Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is a common condition in adults that causes spinal cord dysfunction, often leading to symptoms like weakened coordination and walking difficulties, treated primarily through surgical decompression.
- - Surgical interventions for DCM can be performed through different approaches (anterior, posterior, or hybrid), each with distinct techniques, benefits, and unknown complication risks.
- - The study protocol intends to comprehensively review and analyze existing research on complications from various surgical methods for DCM, by systematically searching medical databases for relevant studies and aggregating the findings to establish stronger evidence.
Global, regional, and national quality of care index of cervical and ovarian cancer: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990-2019.
BMC Womens Health
January 2024
Article Synopsis
- - The study compares the quality of care and healthcare inequities for cervical and ovarian cancers using the Quality of Care Index (QCI), revealing disparities in treatment performance across different regions and income levels worldwide.
- - Data from 1990 to 2019 indicates that while cervical cancer incidence has decreased, ovarian cancer cases have risen, yet mortality rates for both have reduced, with QCI values increasing for both types of cancer over this period.
- - The results highlight that higher-income countries generally provide better care, but age and socio-demographic factors contribute to inequities in care quality, stressing the urgent need for targeted improvements and further research to address these disparities.
Article Synopsis
- Oral disorders remain a significant global public health issue, and researchers aim to create a new quality of care index (QCI) to measure treatment effectiveness on a population level.
- Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study, the team applied principal component analysis to generate the QCI, which showed an upward trend from 70.5 in 1990 to 74.6 in 2017 without significant gender disparities.
- The highest QCI was found in high-middle SDI countries, while areas like Nicaragua and Sierra Leone had the lowest scores, indicating that improvements in oral care quality have occurred, yet disparities remain across different regions.
Article Synopsis
- The Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) is a benign cystic growth found in about 4% of individuals, and this study focuses on finding a diagnostic imaging sign to help distinguish RCC from other cystic lesions.
- The research involved 42 patients who underwent MRI scanning and subsequent endonasal transsphenoidal surgical resection, revealing a new imaging feature called the "vertical triband flag sign," primarily observed in T1 images.
- This vertical triband flag sign may improve the early diagnosis of RCCs, as it was identified in 38 out of 42 cases while other known signs were much rarer.
'Inequalities in prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, anti-hypertensive coverage, awareness, and effective treatment in 429 districts of Iran; a population-based STEPS 2016 small area spatial estimation model'.
J Diabetes Metab Disord
December 2023
Article Synopsis
- - This study investigated the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and pre-hypertension (PHTN) in 429 districts across Iran, finding significant inequalities in these health issues among different regions.
- - Data from over 27,000 participants revealed that crude prevalence rates for HTN ranged from 11.5% to 42.2%, while PHTN rates ranged from 19.9% to 56.1%, with varying levels of awareness and treatment coverage.
- - The findings indicate that central regions and females generally had better health outcomes, suggesting that policymakers should focus on addressing these disparities in resources and hypertension management.
Purpose: Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative condition that leads to loss of cervical spinal cord (CSC) integrity. Various spinal cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods can identify and characterize the extent of this damage. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic, biomarker, and predictive utilities of different spinal cord MRI methods in clinical research studies of CSM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study evaluated injury incidence and risk factors in Iran using data from the 2021 STEPS Survey, involving over 27,000 participants across urban and rural areas.
- - Findings indicated that 5.5% reported injuries in the past year, with falls being the most common cause, and higher injury rates among males; factors like gender and alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk of road traffic injuries.
- - The research highlighted notable geographic disparities in injury rates, with the highest rates in Razavi Khorasan for males and Tehran for females, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions based on location and demographics.
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of age-related non-traumatic spinal cord disorders resulting from chronic degeneration of the cervical spine. While traditional clinical assessments rely on patient-reported measures, this study used the NIH Toolbox Motor Battery (NIHTBm) as an objective, quantitative measure to determine DCM severity. The objective is to define NIHTBm cutoff values that can accurately classify the severity of DCM neuromotor dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative condition that leads to loss of cervical spinal cord integrity, typically affecting the aged population. Emerging fMRI-based evidence suggests that the brain is also affected by CSM. This systematic review aimed to understand the usefulness of brain fMRI in CSM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSince its development, spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has utilized various methodologies and stimulation protocols to develop a deeper understanding of a healthy human spinal cord that lays a foundation for its use in clinical research and practice. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search on spinal cord fMRI studies and summarized the recent advancements and resulting scientific achievements of spinal cord fMRI in the following three aspects: the current state of spinal cord fMRI methodologies and stimulation protocols, knowledge about the healthy spinal cord's functions obtained via spinal cord fMRI, and fMRI's exemplary usage in spinal cord diseases and injuries. We conclude with a discussion that, while technical challenges exist, novel fMRI technologies for and new knowledge about the healthy human spinal cord have been established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Schizophrenia affects about 0.3% of people globally and leads to significant disability, prompting a study to investigate the quality of care through a new quality of care index (QCI).
- Using data from the global burden of disease database, the study calculated a QCI proxy for various countries and compared it across different sociodemographic indices and age groups, also analyzing gender disparities.
- The findings showed a 13.5% increase in global QCI from 1990 to 2019, but noted growing gender disparities in care quality, with Bhutan and Singapore ranking high in QCI while showing improvements in their gender disparity ratios.
A Global, Regional, and National Survey on Burden and Quality of Care Index of Multiple Sclerosis: Global Burden of Disease Systematic Analysis 1990-2019.
Neuroepidemiology
December 2023
Article Synopsis
Article Synopsis
- Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers pose significant global health challenges, making it essential to analyze their burden for effective health policies.
- The study utilized data from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study to assess cancer incidence, mortality, and life years lost across 204 countries, linking these to socio-demographic factors.
- Findings revealed approximately 370,000 cases and 199,000 deaths for lip and oral cavity cancer, and 167,000 cases and 114,000 deaths for other pharyngeal cancers in 2019, with smoking being the leading risk factor for these cancers, especially in low and middle SDI regions.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigated diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes in Iran using data from the 2021 Iran STEPS Survey, focusing on awareness, treatment coverage, and adherence to World Health Organization targets.
- - Findings revealed that 14.2% of participants had DM and 24.8% had prediabetes, with treatment coverage at 65% but only 28% achieving good glycemic control (HbA1C < 7%).
- - While diagnosis and statin use were close to global targets, overall glycemic control and blood pressure management were significantly below the desired levels, highlighting insufficient diabetes care in the population.
Article Synopsis
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide, with the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region facing significant challenges related to its increasing burden and risk factors.
- Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 revealed that in 2019, there were over 835,000 cases of BC among females in the NAME region, leading to over 35,000 deaths and significantly high years of life lost (YLLs).
- The primary contributor to the rising incidence of BC is the increasing age-specific rates, while behavioral factors, particularly high fasting plasma glucose, have been identified as major risk contributors to the disease burden among women.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a substantial challenge globally, with over 18 million new cases in 2019 and concerns about the quality of care provided for this condition over the years.
- The study analyzed trends in CKD incidence and created a Quality of Care Index (QCI) to evaluate care quality across different regions, demographics, and ages, finding disparities, particularly favoring males and the European region.
- The findings highlight ongoing inequalities in CKD care and suggest that health policymakers should focus on improving care for minorities to enhance overall CKD management.