Hepatitis E virus infection in HIV-infected patients with elevated serum transaminases levels.

Increases in aminotransferases levels are frequently encountered in HIV-positive patients and often remain unexplained. The role in this setting and natural history of hepatitis E in HIV-infected patients are unknown. The aim of the study was to assess HEV infection in HIV-infected patients attending a Parisian hospital, with a current or previous cryptogenic hepatitis.

Improving HIV infection management using antiretroviral plasma drug levels monitoring: a clinician's point of view.

Due to genetic and environmental factors, there are wide inter-patient differences when measuring drug exposure to a standard dose. If there is a relationship between drug exposure and efficacy or toxicity, this inter-patient variability carries various risks to develop toxicity or failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring is an attempt to adjust the dose to obtain a level within a therapeutic range consisting in a minimum plasma concentration needed to be efficacious and a maximum plasma concentration not to exceed to avoid toxicity.