Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with Parkinson's disease presenting to Farshchian Hospital (Sina) in 2019 compared to the normal population.

Objective: Parkinson's disease is the second most common disease of the central nervous system after Alzheimer's disease. Currently, no blood test or other laboratory tests are available to diagnose this condition. One of the practical methods in diagnosing and evaluating the progress of neurodegenerative diseases is the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), with which it is possible to accurately measure the thickness of the layers of the retina, as well as the thickness and volume of the macula.

Nano-pumice derived from pumice mine waste as a low-cost electrode catalyst for microbial fuel cell treating edible vegetable oil refinery wastewater for bioenergy generation and reuse.

This study aimed to assess nano-pumice (NP) from pumice mining waste as a local, cost-effective anode catalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for treating edible vegetable oil refinery wastewater (EVORW) and generating bioenergy. Pumice mining waste was converted into nano in three stages: crushing up to ≤3 cm, reducing the size of the previous step particles to 150 μm and converting the previous step particles to <100 nm. Nano-pumice prepared was coated on the carbon cloth (CC) to increase anode surface area of MFC.

Bioactive stem cell-laden 3D nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering.

This study presents biomimetic nanoscaffolds composed of electrospun polycaprolactone-collagen (PCL-Coll) nanofibers, loaded with bioactive Arnebia euchroma (AE) extract and stem cells, to develop cell-based tissue engineering constructs. The incorporation of AE extract, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, into the PCL-Coll nanofibers resulted in nanoscaffolds denoted as PCL-Coll/AE, PCL-Coll/AE, PCL-Coll/AE, and PCL-Coll/AE, corresponding to AE extract concentrations of 0.0, 5.

O-GlcNAcylation of ribosome-associated proteins is concomitant with translational reprogramming during proteotoxic stress.

Protein O-GlcNAc modification, similar to phosphorylation, supports cell survival by regulating key processes like transcription, cell division, trafficking, signaling, and stress tolerance. However, its role in protein homeostasis, particularly in protein synthesis, folding, and degradation, remains poorly understood. Our previous research shows that O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes associate with the translation machinery during protein synthesis and modify ribosomal proteins.

Modeling the Interictal Epileptic State for Therapeutic Development with Tetanus Toxin.

Focal forms of epilepsy can result from a wide range of insults and can vary from focal symptoms to generalized convulsions. Most drugs that have been developed for epilepsy focus on the prevention of seizures. On Electroencephalography (EEG), seizures are characterized by a repetitive buildup of epileptic waveforms that can spread across the brain.

Additive Anticonvulsive Effects of Sumatriptan and Morphine on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Clonic Seizures in Mice.

Background And Purpose: Sumatriptan protects the brain from damage and enhance the anti-seizure effect of morphine. There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) may mediate these effects of both drugs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sumatriptan (0.

Oiling-Out: Insights from Gibbsian Surface Thermodynamics by Stability Analysis.

The crystallization process is a significant stage in the pharmaceutical industry. During the process of crystallization with cooling, it is possible for a secondary liquid phase to appear before the formation of crystals. This phenomenon is called "oiling out" or liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

The first report of rabies in stone marten (Martes foina) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran).

Rabies is a prevalent endemic and zoonotic fatal disease, which is normally transmitted to humans by contact (scratches and bites) from infected animals. The present paper deals with the first documented evidence of rabies in the stone marten (Martes foina). Rabies symptoms were observed in a marten in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

Diastereotopic groups in two new single-enanti-omer structures ()P(O)[NH-(+)CH(CH)(CH)] ( = OCH and CH).

The crystal structures of two single-enanti-omer compounds, diphenyl [()-(+)-α-ethyl-benzyl-amido]-phosphate, CHNOP or (CHO)P(O)[NH-()-(+)CH(CH)(CH)] (), and -[()-(+)-α-ethyl-benz-yl]-,-di-phenyl-phosphinic amide, CHNOP or (CH)P(O)[NH--(+)CH(CH)(CH)] (), were studied. The different environments at the phospho-rus atoms, (O)P(O)(N) and (C)P(O)(N), allow the P=O/P-N bond strengths to be compared, as well as the N-H⋯O=P hydrogen-bond strengths, and P=O/N-H vibrations. The following characteristics related to diastereotopic CHO/CH groups in / were considered: geometry parameters, contributions to the crystal packing, solution C/H NMR chemical shifts, conformations, and NMR coupling constants.

An in-depth investigation of the impact of salt nature on the formulation of microemulsion systems.

Electrolytes have a wide range of technological applications. Despite the recent improvements in characterizing and predicting the phase behavior of microemulsion systems by hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) and net-average curvature (NAC) frameworks, they are ineffective in the presence of different salts. This work seeks to bridge this gap by investigating the influence of salt nature on the microemulsion phase formulation.

Regulation of Primary Cilium Length by O-GlcNAc during Neuronal Development in a Human Neuron Model.

The primary cilium plays critical roles in the homeostasis and development of neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that cilium length is regulated by the metabolic state of cells, as dictated by processes such as glucose flux and O-GlcNAcylation (OGN). The study of cilium length regulation during neuron development, however, has been an area left largely unexplored.

Gastroprotective effect of sumatriptan against indomethacin-, stress- and ethanol-induced gastric damage in male rats: Possible modulatory role of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The current study was aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of sumatriptan, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D (5HT ) receptor agonist, on gastric ulcer in rats via stimulating 5HT receptors and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rats were allocated into three models of gastric ulcer: indomethacin (30 mg/kg, PO), water immersion restraint stress (WRS) and ethanol (5 ml/kg PO). Animals were administered with sumatriptan (0.

Prevention of radiotherapy-related oral mucositis with zinc and polyherbal mouthwash: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

Background: A significant percentage of head and neck cancer (HNCs) patients receiving RT experience oral mucositis (OM). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the polyherbal (containing chamomile, peppermint oil, Aloe vera, and honey) and zinc mouthwashes in comparison to the control (chlorhexidine) and placebo groups for prevention of radiation-induced OM.

Methods: This study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, conducted on 67 patients with HNCs undergoing radiotherapy.

Dapsone Protects Against Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats through Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitrergic Pathway.

Background And Purpose: Status epilepticus (SE) results in permanent neuronal brain damage in the central nervous system. One of the complex etiologies underlying SE pathogenesis is neuroinflammation. Dapsone has been recently considered as a potential neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammatory conditions.

The Possible Protective Effects of Ondansetron and Tropisetron on Optic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of cyclosporine - a calcineurin inhibitor-, ondansetron, and tropisetron-5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists-, on optic nerve crush (ONC) injury in rats. Moreover, underlying signaling activities of their beneficial neuroprotective effects were studied.

Methods: Adult male rats were treated with the intravitreal administration of cyclosporine (1.

Metabolic Pathways in Breast Cancer Reprograming: An Insight to Non-Coding RNAs.

Cancer cells reprogram their metabolisms to achieve high energetic requirements and produce precursors that facilitate uncontrolled cell proliferation. Metabolic reprograming involves not only the dysregulation in glucose-metabolizing regulatory enzymes, but also the enzymes engaging in the lipid and amino acid metabolisms. Nevertheless, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of reprograming are not fully understood.

Neuroprotective effects of Lasmiditan and Sumatriptan in an experimental model of post-stroke seizure in mice: Higher effects with concurrent opioid receptors or K channels inhibitors.

Background: Early post-stroke seizure frequently occurs in stroke survivors within the first few days and is associated with poor functional outcomes. Therefore, efficient treatments of such complications with less adverse effects are pivotal. In this study, we investigated the possible beneficial effects of lasmiditan and sumatriptan against post-stroke seizures in mice and explored underlying mechanisms in their effects.

Pentylenetetrazole preconditioning attenuates severity of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine in male rats: evaluation of opioid/NMDA receptors and nitric oxide pathway.

Background: Non-deleterious episodes of seizure preconditioning can efficiently increase the brain's resistance to the consequent severe status epilepticus (SE). In the present investigation, we intended to elucidate further (i) the effects of preconditioning with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in the lithium-pilocarpine model of SE in male rats, along with (ii) the possible contribution of opioid, N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and nitric oxide (NO) signaling transduction.

Methods: In male Wistar rats, the SE was incited by lithium administration (127 mg/kg, ip) 20 h before pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, ip).

Cannabidiol Improves Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats: Involvement of Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptors.

Background:  One of the major complications associated with random-pattern skin flaps is distal necrosis. Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently gained much attention as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBD on the random-pattern skin flap survival (SFS) in rats and to explore the possible involvement of cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors.

Social, Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 on Rural Tourism.

Today, various solutions have been proposed to improve the economic situation of villages and deprived areas, among which tourism is known as the best solution for those areas with the necessary potentials for tourism development. On other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on human life worldwide. The prevalence of COVID-19 has caused a lot of damage to different sectors of the global economy, but without a doubt, the rural tourism industry should be considered among the economic activities that have suffered the most from this virus.

Protective Effects of Dapsone on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Involvement of Nitric Oxide Pathway.

Introduction: The leading cause of memory impairment is dementia-related disorders. Since current treatments for memory impairment target the neuroinflammatory pathways, we selected dapsone, an anti-inflammatory agent, to evaluate its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and the underlying role of nitric oxide (NO).

Methods: Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.

Modafinil exerts anticonvulsive effects against lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats: A role for tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide signaling.

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a continuous episode of seizures which leads to hippocampal neurodegeneration, severe systemic inflammation, and extreme damage to the brain. Modafinil, a psychostimulant and wake-promoting agent, has exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in previous preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to assess effects of modafinil on the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE rat model and to explore possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways in this regard.

Organ Procurement From Donors After Brain Death During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of a High Prevalence Country.

Objectives: Our aim was to compare the donation process before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in an organ procurement unit in Iran and to discuss different strategies to address the impact of the pandemic on the donation process.

Materials And Methods: All activities including donor detection, donor selection, family approach, donors characteristics, rate of organs per donor, and types of organs were compared between 2 intervals over 18 months (March 2020 to June 2021 [during the COVID19 pandemic] vs November 2018 to February 2020 [before the pandemic]).

Results: Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 218 and 137 brain dead donors with mean age of 42.

The first case report of rabies in a grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran).

Rabies is an acute fatal viral encephalitis usually transmitted from animals to men following domestic and wild animal bites. Rabies is endemic in Iran. It is the most important zoonotic disease in the country.