Using the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Markers for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by the partial or complete collapse of the airways during sleep, leading to hypoxemia (reduced oxygen flow to organs) and disrupted sleep. This study aims to establish robust evidence for the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the severity and prognosis of OSA. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science to gather all relevant articles.

Temporal Trends in Racial and Gender Disparities of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States: An Analysis of the CDC WONDER Database.

Background: The mortality rates of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) have surged globally over the past two decades. While the underlying reasons remain largely unknown, understanding its epidemiology is crucial to address this escalating trend. This study aimed to identify disparities potentially influencing these rates, enhancing risk assessment tools, and highlighting areas necessitating further research.

Deep Learning Algorithms for the Detection of Suspicious Pigmented Skin Lesions in Primary Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Early detection of suspicious pigmented skin lesions is crucial for improving the outcomes and survival rates of skin cancers. However, the accuracy of clinical diagnosis by primary care physicians (PCPs) is suboptimal, leading to unnecessary referrals and biopsies. In recent years, deep learning (DL) algorithms have shown promising results in the automated detection and classification of skin lesions.

Endothelial Function Responses to Nigella sativa (Black Seed) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

(NS), commonly known as black cumin or black seed, is a medicinal plant with a rich history of traditional use in various cultures. Recent research has shed light on its potential therapeutic properties, particularly its effects on endothelial markers involved in inflammatory processes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the endothelial function responses, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), to NS supplementation.

Continuous vs. intermittent terlipressin infusion for portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Portal hypertension, a major complication of chronic liver disease, often leads to life-threatening variceal bleeding, managed effectively with vasoactive drugs like terlipressin. However, the most optimal method of terlipressin administration, continuous versus intermittent infusion, remains a subject of debate, necessitating this systematic review and meta-analysis for evidence-based decision-making in managing this critical condition.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA standards and explored multiple databases until 6 April 2023, such as MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL.

Oxidative stress and early mortality in acute ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an oxidative stress biomarker, which represents a unifying mechanism of brain injury that occurs throughout the ischemic stroke cascade. The current study aimed to examine whether or not acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who had elevated serum MDA levels at admission had an increased risk of mortality and a worse functional outcome three months later.

Methods: An observational, prospective cohort study that enrolled 90 patients with AIS.

Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography in Screening for Silent Liver Diseases.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to screen for significant hepatic fibrosis or steatosis in asymptomatic, apparently healthy subjects by using Vibration-controlled transient elastography and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).

Methods: Prospectively, 433 asymptomatic apparently healthy adults were included. Fibroscan/CAP examination was performed for all of them.

Effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy in patients with challenging wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Controversy exists regarding the use of NPWT for wound healing.

Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of NPWT compared with conventional treatment in the management of different wound types, including acute and chronic wounds.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO, Ovid, and Web of Science were searched, from database inception up to October 2021, for relevant studies comparing NPWT with conventional treatment for wound healing.

Do cerebral microbleeds increase the risk of dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dementia is a neurological disorder that commonly affects the elderly. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small, tiny lesions of the cerebral blood vessels and have been suggested as a possible risk factor for dementia. However, data about the association between CMBs and dementia risk are inconsistent and inconclusive.

Tranexamic acid for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2991 patients.

Objective: We aimed to synthesize evidence from published clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods: We followed the standard methods of the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews for interventions and the PRISMA statement guidelines 2020 when conducting and reporting this study. A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from inception until 1 January 2022.

The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) places a heavy load on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite significant advancements in care, the TBI-related mortality is 30-50% and in most cases involves adolescents or young adults. Previous literature has suggested that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may serve as a sensitive biomarker in predicting clinical outcomes following TBI.

Repeated mechanical thrombectomy for recurrent large vessel occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO). Recurrent LVO can still occur in patients who already underwent MT for the first LVO. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of repeating MT for recurrent LVO.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Versus Transcutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Post Stroke Dysphagia: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of high-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied contralesionally versus transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (TNES) in acute post-stroke dysphagic patients.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, parallel, comparative, controlled trial was conducted on patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to our department. Fifteen patients received rTMS, 15 patients received TNES, and 15 patients were recruited as a control group.

A Literature Review of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers.

Research into TBI biomarkers has accelerated rapidly in the past decade owing to the heterogeneous nature of TBI pathologies and management, which pose challenges to TBI evaluation, management, and prognosis. TBI biomarker proteins resulting from axonal, neuronal, or glial cell injuries are widely used and have been extensively studied. However, they might not pass the blood-brain barrier with sufficient amounts to be detected in peripheral blood specimens, and further might not be detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid owing to flow limitations triggered by the injury itself.

The Effect of Gut Microbe Dysbiosis on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Related Conditions.

It has been hypothesized that the shift in gut microbiota composition, known as gut microbe dysbiosis, may be correlated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common cause of dementia characterized by a gradual deterioration in cognitive function associated with the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. The gut microbiota dysbiosis induces the release of significant amounts of amyloids, lipopolysaccharides, and neurotoxins, which might play a role in modulating signaling pathways and immune activation, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines related to the pathogenesis of AD. The dysbiosis of gut microbe is associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and some neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress.

Galectin-3: A Novel Marker for the Prediction of Stroke Incidence and Clinical Prognosis.

Stroke, whether ischemic or haemorrhagic, is one of the main causes of mortality and disability all over the world, which entails huge burdens in both healthcare environments as well as social and economic aspects of life. Therefore, there is a continuous search for novel reliable biomarkers that can enhance the recognition of stroke events in a timely manner and predict the clinical outcomes following a stroke event. Galectins are a group of proteins expressed by many types of cells and tissues including vasculature, certain immune cells, fibroblasts, and gastrointestinal epithelial cells.

Prediction of mortality in hospitalized Egyptian patients with Coronavirus disease-2019: A multicenter retrospective study.

We aimed to assess the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics associated with mortality among hospitalized Egyptian patients with COVID-19. A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted on all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted through the period from April to July 2020. A generalized linear model was reconstructed with covariates based on predictor's statistical significance and clinically relevance.

Should the direct aspiration first pass technique be advocated over the stent-retriever technique for acute ischemic stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 7692 patients.

Background: The present meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence from all published studies with head-to-head data on the outcomes of a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) and the stent-retriever (SR) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to March 2021 for relevant clinical trials and observational studies. Eligible studies were identified, and all relevant outcomes were pooled in the meta-analysis random-effects model of DerSimonian-Laird.

Should intravenous acetaminophen be considered for post craniotomy pain management? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Post-craniotomy pain management with opioids is challenging due to their side effects, which might mask neurological deterioration symptoms. Recently, intravenous (IV) acetaminophen has been tested in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of IV acetaminophen in reducing pain scores in postoperative craniotomy patients.