Host Suitability of Lettuce and Bean Germplasm for and Isolates from Spain.

spp. are an important threat to horticulture and cause substantial yield losses. Plant resistance is an alternative control method for chemical nematicides.

Crop rotation with -resistant germplasm is useful to manage and revert the (a)virulent populations of gene and reduce yield losses.

A rotation sequence of ungrafted and grafted tomato-melon-pepper-watermelon on resistant rootstocks 'Brigeor', , 'Oscos' and , respectively, was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, ending with a susceptible or resistant tomato crop. The rotation was conducted in plots infested by an avirulent (Avi) or a partially virulent (Vi) population to the gene. At the beginning of the study, the reproduction index (RI, relative reproduction in the resistant respect susceptible tomato) of Avi and Vi populations was 1.

Tomato and Melon Resistant Rootstocks Improve Crop Yield but Melon Fruit Quality Is Influenced by the Cropping Season.

Four rotation sequences consisting of ungrafted tomato cv. Durinta - melon cv. Paloma or tomato grafted onto the resistant rootstock 'Aligator' - melon grafted onto the resistant accession BGV11135, and in reverse order, were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in a plastic greenhouse infested or not with to determine the plant tolerance (), the minimum relative crop yield () and fruit quality.

Strain I-1582, a Nematode Antagonist by Itself and Through the Plant.

I-1582 is approved in Europe for the management of on vegetable crops. However, little information about its modes of action and temperature requirements is available, despite the effect of these parameters in its efficacy. The cardinal temperatures for bacterial growth and biofilm formation were determined.

Commercial Formulates of Induce Systemic Plant Resistance to in Tomato and the Effect Is Additive to That of the Resistance Gene.

is the most damaging plant parasitic nematode genus affecting vegetable crops worldwide. The induction of plant defense mechanisms against in tomato by some spp. strains has been proven in pot experiments, but there is no information for tomato bearing the resistance gene or for other important fruiting vegetable crops.

Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Branchinecta sandiegonensis (Crustacea: Anostraca) in the vernal pools of Baja California, México.

Branchinecta sandiegonensis is a passively dispersed species that occurs in the vernal pool complexes of southern California, the USA, and northwestern Baja California, México. The fragmented distribution of these vernal pool complexes could limit the gene flow, generating high genetic structure and morphometric variation across the landscape. Here we estimate the genetic and phenotypic variation of B.

Induces Plant-Dependent Systemic Resistance to .

spp. are the most damaging plant parasitic nematodes for horticultural crops worldwide. is a fungal egg parasite of root-knot and cyst nematodes able to colonize the roots of several plant species and shown to induce plant defense mechanisms in fungal-plant interaction studies, and local resistance in fungal-nematode-plant interactions.

Cucumis metuliferus reduces Meloidogyne incognita virulence against the Mi1.2 resistance gene in a tomato-melon rotation sequence.

Background: Susceptible tomato cv. Durinta, ungrafted or grafted onto cv. Aligator resistant rootstock, both followed by the susceptible melon cv.

Hand Exo-Muscular System for Assisting Astronauts During Extravehicular Activities.

Human exploration of the Solar System is one of the most challenging objectives included in the space programs of the most important space agencies in the world. Since the Apollo program, and especially with the construction and operation of the International Space Station, extravehicular activities (EVA) have become an important part of space exploration. This article presents a soft hand exoskeleton designed to address one of the problems that astronauts face during spacewalks: hand fatigue caused by the pressurized EVA gloves.

Clinical and microbiological effects of the use of a cetylpyridinium chloride dentifrice and mouth rinse in orthodontic patients: a 3-month randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To assess the clinical, microbiological, and patient-based effects of using a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) toothpaste and mouth rinse in orthodontic patients.

Design: Parallel randomized controlled, triple-blinded trial (participants, examiners, outcomes' assessors). A computer-generated list was used to allocate treatments.

Induction of auxin biosynthesis and WOX5 repression mediate changes in root development in Arabidopsis exposed to chitosan.

Chitosan is a natural polymer with applications in agriculture, which causes plasma membrane permeabilisation and induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Chitosan has been mostly applied in the phylloplane to control plant diseases and to enhance plant defences, but has also been considered for controlling root pests. However, the effect of chitosan on roots is virtually unknown.

Chitosan Increases Tomato Root Colonization by and Their Combination Reduces Root-Knot Nematode Damage.

The use of biological control agents could be a non-chemical alternative for management of spp. [root-knot nematodes (RKN)], the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes for horticultural crops worldwide. is a fungal parasite of RKN eggs that can colonize endophytically roots of several cultivated plant species, but in field applications the fungus shows a low persistence and efficiency in RKN management.

Sequential administration of alendronate and strontium ranelate: histomorphometry and bone biomechanics in ovariectomized animals.

Bisphosphonates are the first choice therapy for the pharmaco logical treatment of osteoporosis. Following reports of cases of bisphosphonaterelated osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femur fracture, the safety of longterm use of bisphosphonates has been evaluated, resulting in the proposal of strontium as an alternative drug. No experimental study using a sequential administration design has been reported to date.

CAZyme content of Pochonia chlamydosporia reflects that chitin and chitosan modification are involved in nematode parasitism.

Pochonia chlamydosporia is a soil fungus with a multitrophic lifestyle combining endophytic and saprophytic behaviors, in addition to a nematophagous activity directed against eggs of root-knot and other plant parasitic nematodes. The carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded by the genome of P. chlamydosporia suggest that the endophytic and saprophytic lifestyles make use of a plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation machinery that can target cellulose, xylan and, to a lesser extent, pectin.

Arabidopsis thaliana root colonization by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia is modulated by jasmonate signaling and leads to accelerated flowering and improved yield.

Pochonia chlamydosporia has been intensively studied in nematode control of different crops. We have investigated the interaction between P. chlamydosporia and the model system Arabidopsis thaliana under laboratory conditions in the absence of nematodes.

Chitosan enhances parasitism of Meloidogyne javanica eggs by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia.

Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc), a nematophagous fungus and root endophyte, uses appressoria and extracellular enzymes, principally proteases, to infect the eggs of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN). Unlike other fungi, Pc is resistant to chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, used in agriculture as a biopesticide to control plant pathogens. In the present work, we show that chitosan increases Meloidogyne javanica egg parasitism by P.

Effect of alendronate on the mandible and long bones: an experimental study in vivo.

Background: Bisphosphonates are anticatabolic agents that inhibit bone resorption and are widely used to treat osteoporosis and bone metastases in adults. They are also used in young patients with diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta or juvenile osteoporosis. Bone modeling/remodeling is elevated in growing subjects, and inhibition of osteoclastic activity has been shown to interfere with growth.

T₃-induced liver AMP-activated protein kinase signaling: redox dependency and upregulation of downstream targets.

Aim: To investigate the redox dependency and promotion of downstream targets in thyroid hormone (T3)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling as cellular energy sensor to limit metabolic stresses in the liver.

Methods: Fed male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single ip dose of 0.1 mg T3/kg or T3 vehicle (NaOH 0.

Evaluation of the nutritional quality of the grain protein of new amaranths varieties.

The efforts for promoting the consumption of food of plant origin are increasingly growing. The amaranth grain is an important vegetable protein source, superior in content and quality to traditional cereals. In the central-west region of Argentina, new amaranth varieties have been obtained to optimize its agronomic traits and promote its use.

Soybean flour induces a greater increase of the antioxidant defenses in rats fed with a normocaloric diet compared with a hypercaloric diet.

Background: Soybeans, due to their antioxidant properties, present beneficial health effects. The objective was to evaluate if replacing casein with soy flour, modifies antioxidant defenses in rat liver, compared to animals that continued being fed with casein based diets (normocaloric and hypercaloric).

Results: Four groups of rats were used: CC (control casein), CS (control soy), HC (hypercaloric casein) and HS (hypercaloric soy).

Angiotensin-(1-9) reverses experimental hypertension and cardiovascular damage by inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme/Ang II axis.

Background: Little is known about the biological effects of angiotensin-(1-9), but available evidence shows that angiotensin-(1-9) has beneficial effects in preventing/ameliorating cardiovascular remodeling.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated whether angiotensin-(1-9) decreases hypertension and reverses experimental cardiovascular damage in the rat.

Methods And Results: Angiotensin-(1-9) (600  ng/kg per min for 2 weeks) reduced already-established hypertension in rats with early high blood pressure induced by angiotensin II infusion or renal artery clipping.