Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to assess safety of teleconsultation compared with face-to-face consultation: the ECASeT study.

Background: The use of remote consultation modalities has exponentially grown in the past few years, particularly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a huge body of the literature has described the use of phone (tele) and video consultations, very few of the studies correspond to randomized controlled trials, and none of them has assessed the safety of these consultation modalities as the primary objective. The primary objective of this trial was to assess the safety of remote consultations (both video and teleconsultation) in the follow-up of patients in the hospital setting.

Do Lower Levels of Fetal Hemoglobin in Preterm Infants Relate to Oxidative Stress?

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has a higher affinity to oxygen than adult hemoglobin, allowing for a slower oxygen transfer to peripheral tissue, creating a microenvironment conducive to adequate fetal development . However, most preterm infants receive packed red blood cell transfusions from adult donors leading to a drastic nonphysiological descent of circulating HbF. We hypothesized that this drop could enhance oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues generating a hyperoxic pro-oxidant environment.

Preterm-related posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: Review of our institutional series with a long-term follow-up.

Introduction: Preterm-related posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is a major cause of neurological impairment and a common indication for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in infants that are prone to diverse complications. Protocols of diagnosis and treatment are in continuous evolution and require evaluation of their results.

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics and results of a series of preterm-related posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus needing a definitive shunt from 1982 to 2020 in our institution.

Management of congenital and acquired airway pathologies in newborns by a cross-disciplinary committee at a third level hospital.

Introduction: Neonatal airway examination through flexible/rigid bronchoscopy has proved to be useful in the presence of persistent stridor and extubation failure, as well as to assess complications following cardiac surgery. At our institution, these examinations are carried out by a pulmonologist, a neonatologist, an otorhinolaryngologist, and a pediatric surgeon from the pediatric airway committee, established in 2014.

Objective: To analyze the airway examinations performed in neonates during their stay at the neonatology/neonatal intensive care unit since the airway committee was established.

Quantitative Evaluation of Neonatal Brain Elasticity Using Shear Wave Elastography.

Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility of 2-dimensional brain ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) and to define the average elasticity values of the gray and white matter in term neonates.

Methods: This work was a prospective observational single-center study including 55 healthy term neonates consecutively recruited in the maternity ward between the second and third postnatal days. All were successfully evaluated with a cerebral SWE examination performed with a multifrequency 4-9-MHz transducer.

Corrigendum to 'Therapeutic vaccination refocuses T-cell responses towards conserved regions of HIV-1 in early treated individuals (BCN 01 study)' EClinicalMedicine 11 (2019) 65-80.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Therapeutic Vaccination Refocuses T-cell Responses Towards Conserved Regions of HIV-1 in Early Treated Individuals (BCN 01 study).

Background: Strong and broad antiviral T-cell responses targeting vulnerable sites of HIV-1 will likely be a critical component for any effective cure strategy.

Methods: BCN01 trial was a phase I, open-label, non-randomized, multicenter study in HIV-1-positive individuals diagnosed and treated during early HIV-1 infection to evaluate two vaccination regimen arms, which differed in the time (8 versus 24 week) between the ChAdV63.HIVconsv prime and MVA.

Non-invasive monitoring of stress biomarkers in the newborn period.

The neonatal period is a highly sensitive time span during which stressful experiences may have an influence on later health outcomes. Medical procedures applied to newborn babies during hospitalization are stressors that trigger a physiological and psychological stress response. Stress response has been traditionally evaluated using scores based on behavioural signs such as facial expressions, limb movements, crying, etc.

Spatial Visualization ability improves with and without studying Technical Drawing.

The results of several studies suggest that spatial ability can be improved through direct training with tasks similar to those integrated in the tests used to measure the ability. However, there is a greater interest in analyzing the effectiveness of indirect training such as games or of learning subjects that involve spatial processes to a certain extent. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze whether the indirect training in Technical Drawing improved the Spatial Visualization ability of Architecture students.

Single oral dose of maraviroc does not prevent ex-vivo HIV infection of rectal mucosa in HIV-1 negative human volunteers.

Objective: Maraviroc (MVC) is a potential candidate for 'on demand' preexposure prophylaxis. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a single oral dose of MVC to prevent ex-vivo HIV-1 infection of rectal tissue in humans.

Design And Methods: Eight HIV-1-negative healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of MVC (300 or 600 mg), and two additional volunteers received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC, 300/200 mg) for 10 days.

Switching from tenofovir to abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with low bone mineral density: changes in bone turnover markers and circulating sclerostin levels.

Background: Tenofovir is involved in accelerated bone mineral density (BMD) loss.

Methods: We recently published a hip BMD improvement at week 48 [+2.1% (95% CI: -0.

Improvement in bone mineral density after switching from tenofovir to abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with low bone mineral density: two-centre randomized pilot study (OsteoTDF study).

Background: Tenofovir has been associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). However, data on changes in BMD after discontinuing tenofovir are lacking.

Methods: We performed a two-centre randomized pilot study in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients receiving tenofovir with osteopenia/osteoporosis (OsteoTDF study, ClinicalTrials.

Metabolic adaptation and neuroprotection differ in the retina and choroid in a piglet model of acute postnatal hypoxia.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic insults to the neonatal brain may cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Vulnerability of different areas of the neural tissue to hypoxic-ischemic stress might be explained by either heterogeneous sensitivity to oxygen or neuroprotective capability. Our understanding of regional heterogeneity is still incomplete in terms of metabolic reconfiguration and/or activation of neuroprotective mechanisms.

Effect of maraviroc intensification on HIV-1-specific T cell immunity in recently HIV-1-infected individuals.

Background: The effect of maraviroc on the maintenance and the function of HIV-1-specific T cell responses remains unknown.

Methods: Subjects recently infected with HIV-1 were randomized to receive anti-retroviral treatment with or without maraviroc intensification for 48 weeks, and were monitored up to week 60. PBMC and in vitro-expanded T cells were tested for responses to the entire HIV proteome by ELISpot analyses.

Oxygen in the delivery room.

Immediately after birth the newly born infant aerates the lungs, diminishes pulmonary vascular resistance, and initiates gas exchange. However, under certain circumstances this process will not be adequately accomplished. Asphyxia is characterized by periods of hypoxia and ischemia leading frequently to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Oxygen saturation after birth in preterm infants treated with continuous positive airway pressure and air: assessment of gender differences and comparison with a published nomogram.

Aims: The goal of the study was to compare preductal SpO2 in the first 10 min after birth in preterm infants treated with non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and air with a published nomogram of preductal SpO2 in preterm infants who received no medical intervention, and to examine gender differences.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled infants of ≤32 weeks gestation who were spontaneously breathing with heart rate >100 bpm, and treated with face mask CPAP and air during postnatal stabilisation.

Oxygen saturation targets for preterm infants in the delivery room.

Fetal life evolves in a low oxygen milieu as compared to the extra-uterine. In the fetal to neonatal transition rapid changes in the oxygen content of the newly born infant occur within a brief period of time. Delivery room care givers should be aware of the slow transition regarding oxygenation, and supply oxygen as needed trying to avoid damage caused by hyper-and-hypoxia.

The use and misuse of oxygen during the neonatal period.

This article describes aerobic metabolism, oxygen free radicals, antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and redox signaling, the fetal to neonatal transition, arterial oxygen saturation, oxygen administration in the delivery room, oxygen during neonatal care in the NICU, evolving oxygen needs in the first few weeks of life, and complications that can occur when infants go home from the hospital on oxygen.

Expression of aquaporins early in human pregnancy.

Background: Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute a family of channel proteins implicated in transmembrane water transport. Thirteen different AQPs (AQP0-12) have been described but their precise biologic function still remains unclear. AQPs 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 expression has been described in human chorion, amnion and placenta; however, AQP4 is the only that has been identified in the first trimester of human pregnancy.

Preterm resuscitation with low oxygen causes less oxidative stress, inflammation, and chronic lung disease.

Objective: The goal was to reduce adverse pulmonary adverse outcomes, oxidative stress, and inflammation in neonates of 24 to 28 weeks of gestation initially resuscitated with fractions of inspired oxygen of 30% or 90%.

Methods: Randomized assignment to receive 30% (N = 37) or 90% (N = 41) oxygen was performed. Targeted oxygen saturation values were 75% at 5 minutes and 85% at 10 minutes.

Antenatal steroids and antioxidant enzyme activity in preterm infants: influence of gender and timing.

Antenatal steroids have improved the survival of preterm infants; however, the mechanism of action is not fully understood. We aimed to establish an association between antenatal steroids and antioxidant activity and postnatal oxidative stress. In a prospective cohort study, extremely preterm neonates receiving antenatal steroids (CORT) or not (NOCORT) were enrolled.

[Recent advances in research on neonatal resuscitation: an update].

Coinciding with the Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) last May 2008 in Honolulu (Hawaii, USA), Professor Colin Morley and his colleagues (University of Melbourne, Australia) held a Workshop on Research in Neonatal Resuscitation. Experts in the field presented their results and future projects over 2 days. The subjects presented during the workshop were: oxygen, air and oximetry; when and where to apply surfactant; neonatal resuscitation research techniques; teaching neonatal resuscitation; cellular physiology and biology; CPAP/PEEP/prolonged inspiration; video recording during resuscitation.

Human milk enhances antioxidant defenses against hydroxyl radical aggression in preterm infants.

Background: Preterm infants endowed with an immature antioxidant defense system are prone to oxidative stress. Hydroxyl radicals are very aggressive reactive oxygen species that lack specific antioxidants. These radicals cannot be measured directly, but oxidation byproducts of DNA or phenylalanine in urine are reliable markers of their activity.