Anti-hemagglutinin monomeric nanobody provides prophylactic immunity against H1 subtype influenza A viruses.

Influenza viruses constitute a major threat to human health globally. The viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is the immunodominant antigen, contains the site for binding to the cellular receptor (RBS), and it is the major target of neutralizing antibody responses post-infection. We developed llama-derived single chain antibody fragments (VHHs) specific for type A influenza virus.

Enhanced Recombinant Protein Expression in Insect Cells by Natural and Recombinant Components of Lepidoptera Hemolymph.

Prior research has established the anti-apoptotic effects in insect cell cultures of () hemolymph, as well as the heightened production yields of recombinant proteins facilitated by baculovirus vectors in insect cells cultivated in media supplemented with this hemolymph. In this study, we investigated the hemolymph of another Lepidoptera species, (), and observed similar beneficial effects in insect cells cultivated in media supplemented with this natural substance. We observed enhancements in both production yield (approximately 1.

Development of a Fully Protective Pandemic Avian Influenza Subunit Vaccine in Insect Pupae.

In this study, we pioneered an alternative technology for manufacturing subunit influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-based vaccines. This innovative method involves harnessing the pupae of the Lepidoptera () as natural biofactories in combination with baculovirus vectors (using CrisBio technology). We engineered recombinant baculoviruses encoding two versions of the HA protein (trimeric or monomeric) derived from a pandemic avian H7N1 virus A strain (A/chicken/Italy/5093/99).

The Increased Burden of Rare Variants in Four Matrix Metalloproteinase-Related Genes in Childhood Glaucoma Suggests a Complex Genetic Inheritance of the Disease.

Childhood glaucoma encompasses congenital and juvenile primary glaucoma, which are heterogeneous, uncommon, and irreversible optic neuropathies leading to visual impairment with a poorly understood genetic basis. Our goal was to identify gene variants associated with these glaucoma types by assessing the mutational burden in 76 matrix metalloproteinase-related genes. We studied 101 childhood glaucoma patients with no identified monogenic alterations using next-generation sequencing.

Impact of the motivational interviewing for childhood obesity treatment: The Obemat2.0 randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objective: The aim was assessing a short training for healthcare providers on patient-focused counselling to treat childhood obesity in primary care, along with dietitian-led workshops and educational materials.

Methods: Randomized clustered trial conducted with paediatrician-nurse pairs (Basic Care Units [BCU]) in primary care centres from Tarragona (Spain). BCUs were randomized to intervention (MI) (motivational interview, dietitian-led education, and educational materials) or control group (SC, standard care).

Primary congenital glaucoma in two siblings with different compound heterozygous CYP1B1 genotypes.

Objective: To describe the inheritance pattern and clinical variability of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in a family with two affected siblings.

Materials And Methods: Two sisters diagnosed at birth with bilateral PCG, whose father had bilateral PCG and mother had bilateral microphthalmus, were subjected to a familial genetic study and ophthalmologic follow-up including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and collection of biometric and cup-to-disc ratio data.

Results: The inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive in compound heterozygosis.

miR-130a expression is related to aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve children.

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAV) is present in 0.5-2% of the population and can promote aortic dilation, eventually leading to fatal consequences. Although some biomarkers have been proposed in adults, no studies have tested these candidates in children.

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle behavior composite score and cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish children from the CORALS cohort.

To assess the associations between the adherence to a composite score comprised of 6 healthy lifestyle behaviors and its individual components with several cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish preschool children. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 938 participants included in the CORALS cohort aged 3-6 years. Six recognized healthy lifestyle behaviors (breastfeeding, sleep duration, physical activity, screentime, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and eating speed) were assessed in a composite score.

Role of dexamethasone in controlling the proinflammatory cytokine cascade in the first episode of paediatric acute pyelonephritis.

Aim: Febrile urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection in childhood. The kidney damage after acute pyelonephritis (APN) could be related to the stimulation of the proinflammatory response. We aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines and the effect of dexamethasone after a first episode of APN.

Lipoprotein profile assessed by 1H NMR, BMI and blood pressure are associated with vascular alterations in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Background And Aims: Children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations since birth, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Arterial injury and stiffness parameters, including carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and distensibility (DIST), can be detected early in childhood. We studied the associations between cIMT, PWV and DIST with the lipoprotein profile assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) and with influential variables such as blood pressure (BP) or body mass index (BMI) in children with FH.

Seizures regulate the cation-Cl cotransporter NKCC1 in a hamster model of epilepsy: implications for GABA neurotransmission.

Background: The balance between the activity of the Na/K/Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) that introduces Cl into the cell and the K/Cl cotransporter (KCC2) that transports Cl outside the cell is critical in determining the inhibitory or excitatory outcome of GABA release. Mounting evidence suggests that the impairment of GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, both in patients and animal models. Previous studies indicate that decreased KCC2 expression is linked to audiogenic seizures in GASH/Sal hamsters, highlighting that Cl imbalance can cause neuronal hyperexcitability.

Effects of infant feeding with goat milk formula or cow milk formula on atopic dermatitis: protocol of the randomised controlled Goat Infant Formula Feeding and Eczema (GIraFFE) trial.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition significantly affecting quality of life. A small randomised trial showed an approximately one-third lower incidence of AD in goat milk formula-fed compared with cow milk formula-fed infants. However, due to limited statistical power, AD incidence difference was not found to be significant.

Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria: A systematic review.

Objective: To assess the effects of pharmacological interventions in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Methods: We performed a search of multiple databases, trial registries, grey literature and conference proceedings up to October 2019. We included randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that examined any pharmacological intervention for preventing complications of idiopathic hypercalciuria (given for at least four months and six of follow-up).

The Treatment of Pediatric Pain in Spain: A Survey Study.

Pain is a common experience among children and adolescents, and pain management in this population is a challenge to clinicians. The aims of this study were to increase our understanding of current practices in the management of both acute and chronic pediatric pain in Spain, explore potential barriers to ideal practices, and identify professional needs as perceived by healthcare professionals. A total of 277 healthcare professionals took part, all of whom had wide experience in managing children and adolescents with pain (M [SD] age = 44.

The Influence of Surgical Mask on Heart Rate, Muscle Saturation of Oxygen, and Hemoglobin during Whole-Body Vibration Exercise.

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a safe and effective exercise system that affects muscle oxygen through several physiological processes, although its effects on different protocols are still unclear. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated various health problems and controversy or confusion on its possible adverse consequences and impact on performance when wearing a mask during the practice of physical exercise.

Aim: To analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise in muscle oxygen variables during different intervention phases with or without a surgical mask and compare protocols that differ in the order of vibration frequencies.

Feedback between mechanosensitive signaling and active forces governs endothelial junction integrity.

The formation and recovery of gaps in the vascular endothelium governs a wide range of physiological and pathological phenomena, from angiogenesis to tumor cell extravasation. However, the interplay between the mechanical and signaling processes that drive dynamic behavior in vascular endothelial cells is not well understood. In this study, we propose a chemo-mechanical model to investigate the regulation of endothelial junctions as dependent on the feedback between actomyosin contractility, VE-cadherin bond turnover, and actin polymerization, which mediate the forces exerted on the cell-cell interface.

Different protein intake in the first year and its effects on adiposity rebound and obesity throughout childhood: 11 years follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: Infant feeding affects child growth and later obesity risk. We examined whether protein supply in infancy affects the adiposity rebound, body mass index (BMI) and overweight and obesity up to 11 years of age.

Methods: We enrolled healthy term infants from five European countries in a double blind randomized trial, with anticipated 16 examinations within 11 years follow-up.

Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on child blood pressure in a European cohort.

Hypertension is a public health issue that can have its origin in the early phases of development. Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) could play a role in offspring's cardio-metabolic programming. To assess the relationship between MSDP and later blood pressure (BP) in children we conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized dietary intervention trial (EU-Childhood Obesity Project).

Transgenic Overexpression of Myocilin Leads to Variable Ocular Anterior Segment and Retinal Alterations Associated with Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities in Adult Zebrafish.

Myocilin is an enigmatic glaucoma-associated glycoprotein whose biological role remains incompletely understood. To gain novel insight into its normal function, we used transposon-mediated transgenesis to generate the first zebrafish line stably overexpressing myocilin [Tg(actb1:myoc-2A-mCherry)]. qPCR showed an approximately four-fold increased myocilin expression in transgenic zebrafish embryos (144 hpf).

Associations Between Eating Speed, Diet Quality, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Objective: To assess the associations between eating speed, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and diet quality in a cohort of Spanish preschool-children.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study in 1371 preschool age children (49% girls; mean age, 4.8 ± 1.

Diagnosis accuracy of waist-to-height ratio to predict cardiometabolic risk in children with obesity.

Background: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) predicts abdominal fat and cardiometabolic risk. In children with obesity, the most adequate cut-off to predict cardiometabolic risk as well as its ability to predict risk changes over time has not been tested. Our aim was to define an appropriate WHtR cut-off to predict cardiometabolic risk in children with obesity, and to analyze its ability to predict changes in cardiometabolic risk over time.

Gut microbiota is associated with metabolic health in children with obesity.

Background And Aims: We aimed to describe and characterize the gut microbiota composition and diversity in children with obesity according to their metabolic health status.

Methods: Anthropometry, Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were evaluated (and z-score calculated) and faecal samples were collected from 191 children with obesity aged from 8 to 14. All children were classified depending on their cardiometabolic status in either a "metabolically healthy" (MHO; n = 106) or "metabolically unhealthy" (MUO; n = 85) group.

GSK2556286 Is a Novel Antitubercular Drug Candidate Effective with the Potential To Shorten Tuberculosis Treatment.

As a result of a high-throughput compound screening campaign using Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages, a new drug candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis has been identified. GSK2556286 inhibits growth within human macrophages (50% inhibitory concentration [IC] = 0.07 μM), is active against extracellular bacteria in cholesterol-containing culture medium, and exhibits no cross-resistance with known antitubercular drugs.