Publications by authors named "Escorza A"

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been widely used in animals as an efficient genome editing tool. In fish cells, the technique has been difficult to implement due to the lack of proper vectors that use active promoters to drive the expression of both small guide RNA (sgRNA) and the Cas9 (spCas9) protein within a single expression platform. Until now, fish cells have been modified using co-transfection of the mRNA of both the sgRNA and the spCas9.

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Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated the occurrence of important changes in PRL size heterogeneity in women with ovulatory hyperprolactinemia during gestation. A similar observation has been made, in normal women, for glycosylated PRL, which shows a progressive decrease as pregnancy progresses. In this study we decided to investigate the contribution of G-PRL on PRL heterogeneity throughout gestation in women with ovulatory hyperprolactinemia.

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It has been suggested that menstrual irregularities in hyperprolactinemia are secondary to an increase in hypothalamic dopaminergic activity via a short loop positive feedback of prolactin (PRL). We have studied this question in a relatively new syndrome characterized by hyperprolactinemia without derangements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function due to macroprolactinemia (abnormal high amounts of big-big PRL). Central dopaminergic activity was investigated by the administration of the dopamine antagonist domperidone to normal women (n = 7) and women with anovulatory (n = 6) and ovulatory hyperprolactinemia (n = 2).

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There is enough evidence that prolactin (PRL), like many other pituitary hormones, is composed by multiple forms that differ from each other by size charge. Although they can be seen in the pituitary glands of a variety of species, their biological significance, identity and chemical nature still remain poorly understood. Recently, a new syndrome characterized by normal ovarian function in the presence of sustained hyperprolactinemia has been reported by our group.

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We have demonstrated the selective secretion of high mol wt PRL series (big big PRL) in women with hyperprolactinemia and normal ovarian function. This observation suggests that big big PRL is immunologically similar, but biologically less active, than monomeric or little PRL. In this study we determined the molecular size heterogeneity of immunoreactive PRL in the serum from two ovulatory hyperprolactinemic women (subjects A and B) who had large amounts of serum big big PRL during a menstrual cycle and/or gestation.

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The occurrence of big-big prolactin (PRL) as the major form of circulating immunoactive PRL has been described in ovulatory hyperprolactinemia. In this study, we have analyzed the heterogeneity of circulating human PRL in 17 members of three families in which one member, bearing galactorrhea-hyperprolactinemic syndrome, was known to have serum big-big PRL as the predominant circulating species. Gel filtration patterns of serum samples of all subjects revealed the presence of significant proportions of big-big PRL in more than one member of the same family, thus suggesting the familial occurrence of big-big as the predominant immunoreactive PRL species in blood.

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The heterogeneity of human serum prolactin (PRL) in 12 women with hyperprolactinemia and different derangements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis was studied. The patients were subdivided into three groups: four women with hyperprolactinemia and normal ovarian function (group I), four women with hyperprolactinemia associated with sporadic endometrial bleedings and a positive progestin test (group II), and four women with amenorrhea and a negative progestin test (group III). Gel filtration chromatography of serum samples from patients in group I revealed in three of them that most (80%) of their immunoreactive PRL eluted as big,big PRL (Mr greater than 100,000); whereas the rest of the patients, including those from groups II and III, exhibited a distribution pattern similar to that obtained in normal menstruating women.

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