Amyloid-β deposition in basal frontotemporal cortex is associated with selective disruption of temporal mnemonic discrimination.

Cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), precedes clinical impairment by two to three decades. However, it is unclear whether Aβ contributes to subtle memory deficits observed during the preclinical stage. The heterogenous emergence of Aβ deposition may selectively impact certain memory domains, which rely on distinct underlying neural circuits.

Innovation through collaboration: Identifying opportunities to improve congenital anomalies surveillance in Canada.

Setting: The burden of congenital anomalies is a significant public health concern. In response to the World Health Organization's recommendations, Canada developed and strengthened congenital anomalies surveillance to build capacity for prevention and optimal health outcomes. Historically, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) exclusively used hospital discharge data for the Canadian Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System (CCASS).

Amyloid-β deposition in basal frontotemporal cortex is associated with selective disruption of temporal mnemonic discrimination.

Cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), precedes clinical impairment by two to three decades. However, it is unclear whether Aβ contributes to subtle memory deficits observed during the preclinical stage. The heterogenous emergence of Aβ deposition may selectively impact certain memory domains, which rely on distinct underlying neural circuits.

Age-related constraints on the spatial geometry of the brain.

Age-related structural brain changes may be better captured by assessing complex spatial geometric differences rather than isolated changes to individual regions. We applied a novel analytic method to quantify age-related changes to the spatial anatomy of the brain by measuring expansion and compression of global brain shape and the distance between cross-hemisphere homologous regions. To test how global brain shape and regional distances are affected by aging, we analyzed 2,603 structural MRIs (range: 30-97 years).

Modulation of Motor Cortical Inhibition and Facilitation by Touch Sensation from the Glabrous Skin of the Human Hand.

Touch sensation from the glabrous skin of the hand is essential for precisely controlling dexterous movements, yet the neural mechanisms by which tactile inputs influence motor circuits remain largely unexplored. By pairing air-puff tactile stimulation on the hand's glabrous skin with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1), we examined the effects of tactile stimuli from single or multiple fingers on corticospinal excitability and M1's intracortical circuits. Our results showed that when we targeted the hand's first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle with TMS, homotopic (index finger) tactile stimulation, regardless of its point (fingertip or base), reduced corticospinal excitability.

Insights into motor memory interference among experts and competent individuals.

Memory interference can arise when multiple motor skill tasks are learned. A study by Nepotiuk and Brown (Nepotiuk AH, Brown LE. 128: 969-981, 2022) demonstrated that the susceptibility of motor memory to interference differs depending on expertise, using a vegetable-chopping task.

The Intention to be Physically Active in Sedentary Obese Children: A Longitudinal Study.

Obese children are usually less active than their normal-weight counterparts, although the reasons for this remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine how a long-term program (3 years of intervention and 6 months of follow-up detraining) of physical exercise with or without a low calorie diet influenced sedentary obese children's intention to be physically active. The participants were 27 children, ages from 8 to 11 years, who formed two groups according to the program that they followed.

Exercise-based interventions and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese youths: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: One of the most commonly measured markers of inflammation in clinical settings is C-reactive protein (CRP). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on modifying the levels of serum CRP in children and adolescents with excess of weight.

Methods: Two independent reviewers assessed articles from seven databases.

Effects of exercise on functional aerobic capacity in adults with fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Patients with fibromyalgia present a reduced capacity of upper and lower limb physical performance and affect their independence in performing everyday activities.

Objective: The purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize evidence for the effectiveness and structure of exercise programs on functional aerobic capacity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Methods: Keyword searches were made of seven databases.

Physical exercise, detraining and lipid profile in obese children: a systematic review.

Introduction: Detraining is the loss of improvements obtained through the participation in physical exercise/training after training cessation, an aspect that has been poorly studied in obese child population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of detraining on the lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides) of obese children.

Population And Methods: Studies were collected through a search across seven databases.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of ( - )-13,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one and derivatives from (+)-manool.

13,14-Dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (1) and a series of ring C aromatic diterpene derivatives were synthesised from (+)-manool (4) and evaluated for their cytotoxic, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities. Our results indicated that compound 1 and other podocarpane-type intermediates are cytotoxic. Cleavage of C6-C7 bond of compound 7 improved cytotoxic activity, indicating that, in particular, the 6,7-seco-podocarpane-type compound 20 might serve as a lead compound for further development.

Relationship Between Break-Time Physical Activity, Age, and Sex in a Rural Primary Schools, Wales, UK.

The aim of this study was to examine the physical activity during the break-times of primary school children in rural areas, and its relationship with age and sex. 380 children (192 boys and 188 girls; age=9.5±1.

Endocrinology and Adolescence: aerobic exercise reduces insulin resistance markers in obese youth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of aerobic exercise interventions on reducing insulin resistance markers in obese children and/or adolescents. A secondary outcome was change in percentage of body fat.

Methods: A computerized search was made from seven databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Science Citation Index.

Relationship between exchange block time in swim starts and final performance in relay races in international championships.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between relay exchange block time and final performance in 4 × 100-m and 4 × 200-m freestyle and 4 × 100-m medley relays as a function of sex (men and women) and classification (medallists and non-medallists) in international competitions. Nineteen international competitions covering a 13-year period (2000-2012) were analysed retrospectively. The data corresponded to a total of 827 team relay histories (407 men, 420 women).

Effects of a long-term physical exercise program with and without diet on obese boys after six-month detraining.

Background: Most studies on physical fitness and detraining have been conducted on normal-weight children. Their results indicate that any gains regress to the untrained control values during the detraining period. It, therefore, seems necessary to determine how detraining affects the different fitness parameters in obese children.

Relationship between final performance and block times with the traditional and the new starting platforms with a back plate in international swimming championship 50-m and 100-m freestyle events.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between block time and final performance for each sex in 50-m and 100-m individual freestyle, distinguishing between classification (1st to 3rd, 4th to 8th, 9th to 16th) and type of starting platform (old and new) in international competitions. Twenty-six international competitions covering a 13-year period (2000-2012) were analysed retrospectively. The data corresponded to a total of 1657 swimmers' competition histories.

Prediction of correlates of daily physical activity in Spanish children aged 8-9 years.

The aims of the study were (a) to examine the associations between the daily physical activity (PA) of 8- to 9-year-old children and their parents, and (b) to examine what effect the child's daily PA has on its cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body mass index (BMI), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The sample consisted of 1021 persons [351 children (8.73 ± 0.

The cadence and water temperature effect on physiological responses during water cycling.

The aim of the study was to compare the maximal physiological responses during three protocols: maximal test on land cycle ergometer, maximal test on water cycling in an indoor pool at 27 °C (WC27) and at 31 °C (WC31). Moreover, the submaximal physiological responses were compared according cycling cadences and water temperatures during the water protocols. Ten young men were included and performed the protocols in separate days.

Sport nutrition and doping factors in swimming; parallel analysis among athletes and coaches.

The sport nutrition and doping are known to be important issues in sports, but there is evident lack of studies which investigated those issues in swimming, especially with regard to parallel analysis of coaches and athletes. The first aim of this study was to compare knowledge of swimming coaches and their athletes about nutrition and doping. Also, we have identified interrelationships between studied sociodemographic-, sport-; nutrition- and doping-related-factors.

Playground designs to increase physical activity levels during school recess: a systematic review.

School recess provides a major opportunity to increase children's physical activity levels. Various studies have described strategies to increase levels of physical activity. The purpose of this systematic review is therefore to examine the interventions proposed as forms of increasing children's physical activity levels during recess.

Effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in obese children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of exercise interventions on the resting blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of obese children. A computerized search was made of seven databases using keywords. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using Cochran's Q-statistic applied to the effect size means.

Differences and discriminatory power of water polo game-related statistics in men in international championships and their relationship with the phase of the competition.

The aims of this study were (a) to compare water polo game-related statistics by context (winning and losing teams) and phase (preliminary, classification, and semifinal/bronze medal/gold medal), and (b) identify characteristics that discriminate performances for each phase. The game-related statistics of the 230 men's matches played in World Championships (2007, 2009, and 2011) and European Championships (2008 and 2010) were analyzed. Differences between contexts (winning or losing teams) in each phase (preliminary, classification, and semifinal/bronze medal/gold medal) were determined using the chi-squared statistic, also calculating the effect sizes of the differences.

Improvement of the lipid profile with exercise in obese children: a systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG)) of obese children.

Method: A computerized search was made of seven databases using keywords. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the heterogeneity (I(2)) of the studies was estimated using Cochran's Q-statistic applied to the effect size means.