VISTA-induced tumor suppression by a four amino acid intracellular motif.

VISTA is a key immune checkpoint receptor under investigation for cancer immunotherapy; however, its signaling mechanisms remain unclear. Here we identify a conserved four amino acid (NPGF) intracellular motif in VISTA that suppresses cell proliferation by constraining cell-intrinsic growth receptor signaling. The NPGF motif binds to the adapter protein NUMB and recruits Rab11 endosomal recycling machinery.

A Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Metformin Hydrochloride and Myo-Inositol Compared to Metformin in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant health concern among reproductive-aged women and is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin and myo-inositol combination therapy compared to metformin monotherapy in patients with PCOS. Materials and methods This was a phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Molecular dynamics simulation of wild and mutant proteasome subunit beta type 8 (PSMB8) protein: Implications for restoration of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and chronic disease in the brain and spinal cord. MS has inflammatory progression characterized by its hallmark inflammatory plaques. The histological and clinical characteristics of MS are shared by Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Multicenter analysis of the incidence of in-stent stenosis following the deployment of flow-redirection endoluminal device in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Introduction: The Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) is a novel flow diverter with a unique double stent design, with an inner stent composed of 48 nitinol wires, and an outer stent with 16 nitinol wires. It is designed for endovascular cerebral aneurysm treatment, although, limited data exist regarding in-stent stenosis (ISS) rates associated with FRED devices.

Methods: A registry encompassing two North American comprehensive stroke centers was the base of this study.

Evidence for intrinsic DNA dynamics and deformability in damage sensing by the Rad4/XPC nucleotide excision repair complex.

Altered DNA dynamics at lesion sites are implicated in how DNA repair proteins sense damage within genomic DNA. Using laser temperature-jump (T-jump) spectroscopy combined with cytosine-analog Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) probes that sense local DNA conformations, we measured the intrinsic dynamics of DNA containing 3 base-pair mismatches recognized in vitro by Rad4 (yeast ortholog of XPC). Rad4/XPC recognizes diverse lesions from environmental mutagens and initiates nucleotide excision repair.

Spindle-Shaped Ni-Fe-Layered Double Hydroxide: Effect of Etching Time on Flexible Energy Storage.

The rising demand for efficient energy storage in flexible electronics is driving the search for materials that are well-suited for the fabrication of these devices. Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) stand out as a remarkable material with a layered structure that embodies exceptional electrochemical properties. In this study, both double-shelled and single-shelled NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) particles are prepared using spindle-shaped MIL-101(Fe) as the template.

Munsell Soil Colour Prediction from the Soil and Soil Colour Book Using Patching Method and Deep Learning Techniques.

Soil colour is a key indicator of soil health and the associated properties. In agriculture, soil colour provides farmers and advises with a visual guide to interpret soil functions and performance. Munsell colour charts have been used to determine soil colour for many years, but the process is fallible, as it depends on the user's perception.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Sleep: Exploring Phylogenomic Sleep Signals in the Recently Characterized Archaeal Phylum Lokiarchaeota near Loki's Castle.

Sleep is a universally conserved behavior whose origin and evolutionary purpose are uncertain. Using phylogenomics, this article investigates the evolutionary foundations of sleep from a never before used perspective. More specifically, it identifies orthologs of human sleep-related genes in the Lokiarchaeota of the Asgard superphylum and examines their functional role.

The Accuracy of the Passive Leg Raising Test Using the Perfusion Index to Identify Preload Responsiveness-A Single Center Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.

We investigated the accuracy of predicting preload responsiveness by means of a passive leg raising test (PLR) using the perfusion index (PI) in critically ill patients showing signs of hypoperfusion in a resource-limited setting. We carried out a prospective observational single center study in patients admitted for sepsis or severe malaria with signs of hypoperfusion in Chattogram, Bangladesh. A PLR was performed at baseline, and at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h.

Mutations in histones dysregulate copper homeostasis leading to defect in Sec61 dependent protein translocation mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The translocation of proteins from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum occurs via a conserved Sec61 protein channel. Previously, we reported that mutations in histones cause downregulation of a CUP1 copper metallothionein and copper exposure inhibits the activity of Sec61. However, the role of epigenetic dysregulation on the activity of channel is not clear.

Ultrasound pupillometry for the detection of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD): Systematic evaluation in patients with optic neuritis and comparison with infrared video pupillometry.

Purpose: A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a characteristic clinical sign of optic neuritis (ON). Here, we systematically evaluated ultrasound pupillometry (UP) for the detection of an RAPD in patients with ON, including a comparison with infrared video pupillometry (IVP), the gold standard for objective pupillometry.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 40 patients with acute (n = 9) or past (n = 31) ON (ON+), 31 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without prior ON, and 50 healthy controls (HC) in a cross-sectional observational study.

Estimating Visual Acuity With Spectacle Correction From Fundus Photos Using Artificial Intelligence.

Importance: Determining spectacle-corrected visual acuity (VA) is essential when managing many ophthalmic diseases. If artificial intelligence (AI) evaluations of macular images estimated this VA from a fundus image, AI might provide spectacle-corrected VA without technician costs, reduce visit time, or facilitate home monitoring of VA from fundus images obtained outside of the clinic.

Objective: To estimate spectacle-corrected VA measured on a standard eye chart among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice settings using previously validated AI algorithms evaluating best-corrected VA from fundus photographs in eyes with DME.

Exploring the Potential of Nanocarriers for Cancer Immunotherapy: Insights into Mechanism, Nanocarriers, and Regulatory Perspectives.

Immunotherapy is a cutting-edge approach that leverages sophisticated technology to target tumor-specific antibodies and modulate the immune system to eradicate cancer and enhance patients' quality of life. Bioinformatics and genetic science advancements have made it possible to diagnose and treat cancer patients using immunotherapy technology. However, current immunotherapies against cancer have limited clinical benefits due to cancer-associated antigens, which often fail to interact with immune cells and exhibit insufficient therapeutic targeting with unintended side effects.

Facile Generation of Cyanoselenocysteine as a Vibrational Label for Measuring Protein Dynamics on Longer Time Scales by 2D IR Spectroscopy.

Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for measuring molecular heterogeneity and dynamics with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The methods can be applied to characterize specific residues of proteins by incorporating frequency-resolved vibrational labels. However, the time scale of dynamics that 2D IR spectroscopy can measure is limited by the vibrational label's excited-state lifetime due to the decay of 2D IR absorption bands.

Preconception Care: A Concept Analysis of an Evolving Paradigm.

Aim(s): To clarify the concept of preconception care and develop a precise and inclusive definition to improve its implementation and impact on reproductive health outcomes.

Design: This concept analysis paper employs Rodgers' evolutionary method to analyse the concept of preconception care, examining its historical evolution, attributes, antecedents and consequences.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2012 to 2024.

Quality of life among geriatric population living with functional disabilities: A comparison between urban and rural populations of West Bengal.

Introduction: Global elderly population's growth is evident, with projections reaching 2 billion by 2050, while India's geriatric population is expected to rise to 11.6% by 2026. Disparity in quality of life (QOL) and disabilities between urban and rural elderly exist, where rural elderly maintain active roles, while urban counterparts face economic insecurity post retirement.

Study of pattern of lipid profile amongst type II diabetic patients of two major tribal populations of Tripura.

Background: Diabetic population are at an increased risk of developing dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular complications. The study was performed to evaluate the lipid profile parameter in the diabetic population among the ethnic tribal community of Tripura and calculate the risk of cardiovascular events. The tribal community was chosen as the study population because their lifestyle, food habits, culture and housing practices are different from people living on the plains.

Acute gastrointestinal and post-acute COVID-19 gastrointestinal syndrome assessment on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale scoring system: A questionnaire-based survey.

Background: Post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (PACS) is the persistence of sequel of acute SARS-COV-2 infection. Persistent/acquired gastrointestinal symptoms (GI-PACS) include loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain, heartburn, dysphagia, altered bowel motility, dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome. The study aimed to assess the short- and long-term GI-PACS syndrome on the GSRS scale.

Clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast India.

Purpose: To determine the clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast (NE) India.

Methods: In this hospital-based, cross-sectional study, detailed clinical evaluation of patients with manifest strabismus was carried out for a period of one and half years.

Results: Out of the 7222 new outpatient department attendances, a total of 110 new patients with manifest strabismus were found, with a hospital-based burden of 1.

Assessment of satisfaction of using socially marketed health consumables at government settings among beneficiaries in a rural area of Hooghly District, West Bengal.

Introduction: India is committed to achieving universal health care for all by 2030. The objective of social marketing is to promote public health and its goal is to improve health for all, but there are some challenges like irregular availability, quality issue, inadequacy of marketing causes under- utilization of the government supplied health consumables.

Objectives: Present study aims to find out the usage pattern and assess the perceived satisfaction level of beneficiaries of using various socially marketed health consumables at government settings and explore the perception of healthcare personnel regarding barriers to its usage in a rural area of India.

Amend the Mental Health Care Act 2017: A Survey of Indian psychiatrists (Part 2).

Background: Information about the experience of practicing psychiatrists with the use of the Mental Health Care Act (MHCA), 2017, India, after 5 years of its promulgation has not been available.

Aim: The present study was carried out to understand the experience of the practicing psychiatrists in using and complying with the MHCA 2017 and to bring out the problems and suggested reforms, if any, in various provisions of the MHCA 2017.

Methods: An online survey by practicing psychiatrists of Indian Psychiatric Society on the various sections and provisions of the MHCA 17 was carried out through structured and open-ended responses.

Hyperreflective retinal foci are associated with retinal degeneration after optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Background: Hyperreflective retinal foci (HRF) visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) potentially represent clusters of microglia. We compared HRF frequencies and their association with retinal neurodegeneration between people with clinically isolated syndrome (pwCIS), multiple sclerosis (pwMS), aquaporin 4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD), and healthy controls (HC)-as well as between eyes with (ONeyes) and without a history of optic neuritis (ONeyes).

Methods: Cross-sectional data of pwCIS, pwMS, and pwNMOSD with previous ON and HC were acquired at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.

The NE/AAT/CBG axis regulates adipose tissue glucocorticoid exposure.

Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG; SERPINA6) binds >85% of circulating glucocorticoids but its influence on their metabolic actions is unproven. Targeted proteolytic cleavage of CBG by neutrophil elastase (NE; ELANE) significantly reduces CBG binding affinity, potentially increasing 'free' glucocorticoid levels at sites of inflammation. NE is inhibited by alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT; SERPINA1).

New technologies for future of surgery in Ireland: An RCSI working Group report 2024.

Introduction: Surgery is a cognitive discipline whose practitioners characteristically use technology during operations for patients. With accelerating technological innovation throughout society and healthcare, we sought to develop a shared position for Irish surgery via a commissioned work programme by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

Methods: Using Stanford design principles, representative clinical specialty and academic leads and higher trainee representatives across 15 specialties were surveyed regarding sentiments, perspectives and concerns regarding now and near future technology in clinical practice, career considerations and training/education.