Sub chronic exposure to crude oil, dispersed oil and dispersant induces histopathological alterations in the gills of the juvenile rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus).

There is little existing information on the sub-lethal effects of experimental exposure of Arabian Gulf fish to oil pollution. This study investigated the potential sub-lethal effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of light Arabian crude oil, dispersed oil and dispersant (Maxi Clean 2) on the gills of the juvenile rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus), observing several histopathological biomarkers at different time points and different doses. These laboratory exposures simulated a range of possible oil pollution events.

Impact of laboratory exposure to light Arabian crude oil, dispersed oil and dispersant on the gills of the juvenile brown spotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma): a histopathological study.

The present study investigated the impact of subchronic exposure of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of light Arabian crude oil, dispersed oil and dispersant on the gills of the juvenile brown spotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma), observing several histopathological lesions at different time points and different concentrations. Significant alterations, compared to the control groups (p < 0.05), in four health categories (circulatory, proliferative, degenerative and inflammatory) were identified.

Histopathological changes in the livers of rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus) following exposure to crude oil and dispersed oil.

The present study aimed to assess the impact of acute exposure to crude oil, dispersed oil, and dispersant alone on the liver of the rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus). Histopathological effects in the liver were observed at different time points (3 to 21 days) and different concentrations (3-100% water accommodated fraction [WAF]) to simulate a range of possible oil pollution events. The main alterations observed in this study include lipid accumulation, necrosis, bile stagnation, megalocytosis, cholangitis, and spongiosis hepatis.

Histopathological liver alterations in juvenile rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus) exposed to light Arabian crude oil, dispersed oil and dispersant.

With the heavy transport of crude oil there is an increasing risk of a major oil spill in the Gulf waters; however, there have been few studies on the impact of oil spills and subsequent remedial action on Gulf fish. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of acute exposure to water soluble fraction (WAF) of light Arabian crude oil, dispersed oil and dispersant on the liver of the juvenile rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus), observing several histopathological biomarkers of the liver at different time points and different doses. The concentrations used (3-100 percent WAF) simulated a range of possible oil pollution events.

Is running a problem-based learning curriculum more expensive than a traditional Subject-Based Curriculum?

Background: Running a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum has been considered to be more expensive than a traditional Subject-Based Curriculum? This claim has not been well substantiated.

Aim: To identify faculty educational activities (FEA) related to PBL, calculate its cost (faculty number and time) and compare it with a traditional Subject-Based Curriculum.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was developed through focused group discussion using a Delphi method to identify FEA and ensure face and content validity.