Aggregation Behavior and Application Properties of Novel Glycosylamide Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Aqueous Solution.

Amidation of lactobionic acid with N,N-dimethylaminopropyltriamine was conducted to obtain N-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-lactamido-3-aminopropane (DDLPD), which was quaternized with bromoalkanes of different carbon chain lengths to synthesize double-stranded lactosylamide quaternary ammonium salt N-[N'[3-(lactosylamide)]propyl-N'-alkyl] propyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammonium bromide (CDDLPB, n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16). The surface activity and the adsorption and aggregation behaviors of the surfactants were investigated via equilibrium surface tension, dynamic light scattering, and cryo-electron microscopy measurements in an aqueous solution. The application properties of the products in terms of wettability, emulsification, foam properties, antistatic, salt resistance, and bacteriostatic properties were tested.

Synthesis and Performance of Double-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salt Glucosamide Surfactants.

A series of double-chain quaternary ammonium salt surfactants -['[3-(gluconamide)] propyl-'-alkyl]propyl-,-dimethyl--alkyl ammonium bromide (CDDGPB, where n represents a hydrocarbon chain length of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16) were successfully synthesized from D (+)-glucose δ-lactone, ,-dimethyldipropylenetriamine, and bromoalkane using a two-step method consisting of a proamine-ester reaction and postquaternization. Their surface activity, adsorption, and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution were investigated via measurements of dynamic/static surface tension, contact angle, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. An analysis of their application performance in terms of wettability, emulsifying properties, toxicity, and antibacterial properties was conducted.