Hospital services utilisation and cost before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment: Evidence from Indonesia.

Objective: To estimate hospital services utilisation and cost among the Indonesian population enrolled in the National Health Insurance (NHI) program before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment.

Methods: 28,159 Indonesian NHI enrolees treated with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in hospitals between May and August 2020 were compared to 8,995 individuals never diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020. A difference-in-difference approach is used to contrast the monthly all-cause utilisation rate and total claims of hospital services between these two groups.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A post delta variant wave cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Public information and regulations related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been widely published and continuously changed. The Indonesian government has responded to the emerging evidence by regularly updating its unprecedented and preventive measures against the transmission of COVID-19 to the public. It is important to understand how the public responded to these updates.

Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic costs due to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A rapid online survey.

Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a substantial socioeconomic impact, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia.

Purposes/objectives: This study aimed to describe the COVID-19-related out-of-pocket spending of Indonesian citizens and the proportion of whom experienced catastrophic health spending during the COVID-19 pandemic using the patient's perspective.

Methodology: We conducted a rapid cross-sectional online survey across provinces in Indonesia to capture participants' experiences due to COVID-19.

Why did informal sector workers stop paying for health insurance in Indonesia? Exploring enrollees' ability and willingness to pay.

Indonesia faces a growing informal sector in the wake of implementing a national social health insurance system-Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN)-that supersedes the vertical programmes historically tied to informal employment. Sustainably financing coverage for informal workers requires incentivising enrolment for those never insured and recovering enrolment among those who once paid but no longer do so. This study aims to assess the ability- and willingness-to-pay of informal sector workers who have stopped paying the JKN premium for at least six months, across districts of different fiscal capacity, and explore which factors shaped their willingness and ability to pay using qualitative interviews.