Pain disparities based on race, sex, age, and socioeconomic status have been well documented. This study aimed to examine interactions among these sociodemographic factors on self-reported bodily pain in an urban community sample to assess whether membership in multiple at-risk groups confers greater risk for pain independent of depressive symptomatology. Participants (N = 1173) were enrolled in the epidemiological Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, and reported experiences of pain in various body sites.
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