Liberal/Individualized Versus Materialist/Structuralist Approaches to Addressing Social and Health Inequalities: Education and Income as Social Determinants of Health.

While consensus exists that the sources of health inequalities are social inequalities brought on by the experience of qualitatively different living and working conditions, means of addressing these conditions continue to be the subject of dispute. Whether to emphasis education or income as asocial determinant of health is one such example of differing views on the sources of these inequalities and the means of addressing them. These different emphases are often justified through the narrow examination of the magnitude of statistical relationships between educational attainment and income with health outcomes.

Synthesis, Isolation, and Study of Heterobimetallic Uranyl Crown Ether Complexes.

Although crown ethers can selectively bind many metal cations, little is known regarding the solution properties of crown ether complexes of the uranyl dication, UO. Here, the synthesis and characterization of isolable complexes in which the uranyl dication is bound in an 18-crown-6-like moiety are reported. A tailored macrocyclic ligand, templated with a Pt(II) center, captures UO in the crown moiety, as demonstrated by results from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Real-world use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists for the management of immune thrombocytopenia in adult patients in the United Kingdom: Results from the TRAIT study.

Few studies have reported the real-world use of both romiplostim and eltrombopag in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). TRAIT was a retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the platelet responses and adverse effects associated with the use of these thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) in adult patients with ITP in the United Kingdom. Of 267 patients (median age at diagnosis, 48 years) with ITP (primary ITP [n = 218], secondary ITP [n = 49]) included in the study, 112 (42%) received eltrombopag and 155 (58%) received romiplostim as the first prescribed TPO-RA.

Evidence for Uranium(VI/V) Redox Supported by 2,2'-Bipyridyl-6,6'-dicarboxylate.

The 2,2'-bipyridyl-6,6'-dicarboxylate ligand () has been shown in prior work to effectively capture the uranyl(VI) ion, UO, from aqueous solutions. However, the redox properties of the uranyl complex of this ligand have not been addressed despite the relevance of uranium-centered reduction to the nuclear fuel cycle and the presence of a bipyridyl core in , a motif long recognized for its ability to support redox chemistry. Here, the complex of UO () has been synthetically prepared and isolated under nonaqueous conditions for the study of its reductive chemical and electrochemical behavior.

Providing Human Support for the Use of Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Meta-review.

Background: Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been increasingly deployed to bridge gaps in mental health care, particularly given their promising efficacy. Nevertheless, attrition among DMHI users remains high. In response, human support has been studied as a means of improving retention to and outcomes of DMHIs.

Usefulness of MRI-Based Local Surveillance After Surgical Treatment of Musculoskeletal Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The value of routine MRI follow-up after surgical treatment of musculoskeletal soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI-based surveillance for musculoskeletal STS represented by the proportion of local recurrences (LRs) discovered by MRI versus clinically, stratified by imaging surveillance intensity; the characteristics of LRs detected on imaging versus clinically; and the impact of imaging surveillance on survival. Multiple electronic databases were searched systematically for articles published through November 28, 2022, about controlled trials and cohort studies on the usefulness of MRI-based surveillance for musculoskeletal STS.

Monocyte Distribution Width as a Diagnostic Marker for Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on hospital admission. The increasing availability and promising results of MDW as a biomarker in sepsis has prompted an expansion of its use to other infectious diseases.

Improving Access to Eye Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose: The goals were to develop a working and inclusive definition of access to eye care, identify gaps in the current system that preclude access, and highlight recommendations that have been identified in prior studies. This manuscript serves as a narrative summary of the literature.

Clinical Relevance: Health care disparities continue to plague the nation's well-being, and eye care is no exception.

Contamination in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Solutions: Insights from the Measurements of Surface Tension and Surface Rheology.

The presence of contamination in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions in the form of dodecanol (LOH) is known to drastically affect the resulting interfacial properties such as surface tension (SFT) and rheology. Dodecanol molecules, which are the product of SDS hydrolysis and are inherently present in SDS solutions, have higher surface activity compared to SDS because they are less soluble in water. A characteristic dip in the SFT isotherm is an indicator of the dodecanol contamination in the sample.

The Impostor Phenomenon in the Nutrition and Dietetics Profession: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey.

The impostor phenomenon (IP) (also known as impostor syndrome) describes high-achieving individuals who, despite their objective successes, fail to internalize their accomplishments and have persistent self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud or impostor. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of IP within a sample of nutrition and dietetics students and practitioners. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted and utilized a non-random, convenience sampling approach.

Incremental Velocity Error as a New Treatment in Vestibular Rehabilitation (INVENT VPT) Trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial.

Background: A clinical pattern of damage to the auditory, visual, and vestibular sensorimotor systems, known as multi-sensory impairment, affects roughly 2% of the US population each year. Within the population of US military service members exposed to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), 15-44% will develop multi-sensory impairment following a mild traumatic brain injury. In the US civilian population, multi-sensory impairment-related symptoms are also a common sequela of damage to the vestibular system and affect ~ 300-500/100,000 population.

Longitudinal Changes in Scotopic and Mesopic Macular Function as Assessed with Microperimetry in Patients With Stargardt Disease: SMART Study Report No. 2.

Purpose: To estimate and compare cross-sectional scotopic versus mesopic macular sensitivity losses measured by microperimetry, and to report and compare the longitudinal rates of scotopic and mesopic macular sensitivity losses in ABCA4 gene-associated Stargardt disease (STGD1).

Design: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Methods: Participants comprised 127 molecularly confirmed STGD1 patients enrolled from 6 centers in the United States and Europe and followed up every 6 months for up to 2 years.

You Are Not an Impostor: The Registered Dietitian Nutritionist and Impostor Phenomenon.

Impostor phenomenon (IP) interferes with the desire for taking advantage of career opportunities and pursuing career advancement. There is robust literature describing the effects of IP in other health care professions, yet an absence of research exists on IP within the nutrition and dietetics profession. This perspective will explore why nutrition and dietetics professionals may experience IP, specify what might be done to mitigate the negative effects of IP, and describe future research directions.

Associations Between HIV Serostatus and Cardiac Structure and Function Evaluated by 2-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Background We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic function evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography among men living with versus without HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Methods and Results We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1195 men from MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) who completed a transthoracic echocardiogram examination between 2017 and 2019. Associations between HIV serostatus and echocardiographic indices were assessed by multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors.

Prevalence and Consequences of Perceived Vision Difficulty in Aging Adults with HIV Infection.

Purpose: Despite well-known ocular complications of HIV-related immune suppression, few studies have examined the prevalence and consequences of visual impairment among aging long-term survivors of HIV.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Aging HIV-infected (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) MSM controls reported their difficulty performing 6 vision-dependent tasks (difficulty defined as: no, a little, moderate, and extreme difficulty).

Reproducibility of Measurements of Retinal Structural Parameters Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Stargardt Disease.

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility of retinal measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT) in -related Stargardt disease (STGD1).

Methods: The international multicenter Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) Study enrolled 259 STGD1 patients. OCT images were graded by the study reading center (RC).

A Workshop on Measuring the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease in the ProgStar Studies: Findings and Lessons Learned.

The Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) studies were designed to measure the progression of Stargardt disease through the use of fundus autofluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, and microperimetry. The overarching objectives of the studies were to document the natural course of Stargardt disease and identify the most appropriate clinical outcome measures for clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of upcoming treatments for Stargardt disease. A workshop organized by the Foundation Fighting Blindness Clinical Research Institute was held on June 11, 2018, in Baltimore, MD, USA.

Public Comments on the Proposed Common Rule Mandate for Single-IRB Review of Multisite Research.

We reviewed the public comments submitted in response to the Department of Health and Human Services' (DHHS's) original and revised proposal for mandated single-IRB review of federally funded multisite research to see who responded to the proposed mandate and to determine what they said and how the agency addressed the public comments in its revised proposal. Our analysis indicates that support for the single-IRB mandate was limited. The most common argument against the proposed mandate came from those concerned with the loss of site-specific institutional review board (IRB) review of the protocol for a multisite study to address issues relevant to local context.

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome: summary of a Cochrane systematic review.

Dry eye disease is a disorder of the tear film associated with ocular signs and symptoms. Punctal occlusion aids the preservation of natural tears. We conducted a Cochrane systematic review to assess the effectiveness of punctal plugs for managing dry eye.

The Progression of the Stargardt Disease Type 4 (ProgStar-4) Study: Design and Baseline Characteristics (ProgStar-4 Report No. 1).

Background/aims: To describe the design and baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the multicenter, prospective natural history study of Stargardt disease type 4.

Methods: Fifteen eligible patients aged 6 years and older at baseline, harboring disease-causing variants in the PROM1 gene, and with specified ocular lesions were enrolled. They were examined at baseline using a standard protocol, with 6 monthly follow-up visits for a 2-year period including best-corrected ETDRS visual acuity, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), mesopic and scotopic microperimetry (MP).

Scotopic Microperimetric Assessment of Rod Function in Stargardt Disease (SMART) Study: Design and Baseline Characteristics (Report No. 1).

Purpose: To describe the study design and characteristics at first visit of participants in the longitudinal Scotopic Microperimetric Assessment of Rod Function in Stargardt Disease (SMART) study.

Methods: Scotopic microperimetry (sMP) was performed in one designated study eye in a subset of participants with molecularly proven ABCA4-associated Stargardt disease (STGD1) enrolled in a multicenter natural history study (ProgStar). Study visits were every 6 months over a period ranging from 6 to 24 months, and also included fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Detailed genetic characteristics of an international large cohort of patients with Stargardt disease: ProgStar study report 8.

Background/aims: To describe the genetic characteristics of the cohort enrolled in the international multicentre progression of Stargardt disease 1 (STGD1) studies (ProgStar) and to determine geographic differences based on the allele frequency.

Methods: 345 participants with a clinical diagnosis of STGD1 and harbouring at least one disease-causing ABCA4 variant were enrolled from 9 centres in the USA and Europe. All variants were reviewed and analysis was performed including allele frequency in public databases and pathogenicity predictions.

Visual Acuity Change Over 24 Months and Its Association With Foveal Phenotype and Genotype in Individuals With Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Study Report No. 10.

Importance: Limited data from prospective studies are available to understand the natural history of ABCA4-related Stargardt disease (STGD1). Such data are important for determining appropriate outcome measures for future STGD1 trials.

Objective: To estimate the rate of loss of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) during 2 years and to estimate the associations of BCVA loss with foveal phenotype and genotype in patients with STGD1.