Achievement of No Evidence of Disease Activity-3 with Oral Disease-Modifying Treatment in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: There is scant data regarding the use of oral disease-modifying treatments (oDMT) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (PwRRMS) from Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the response rate to oDMT in PwRRMS compared to interferon (IFN) in terms of achieving no evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia and included all adult PwRRMS over a 2-year period who were on oDMTs or IFN for <1 year.

Clinical and Radiological Parameters Affecting the Yield of Routine Electroencephalography in Various Indications.

Objectives: To highlight the significance of various clinical and radiological parameters in association with specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in order to prioritize EEG referrals.

Method: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the neurology department of King Fahad University Hospital, Alkhobar, and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 604 patients referred for routine EEG. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Utility of Various Activation Procedures in Provoking Ictal and Interictal Patterns, during Routine Electroencephalogram (rEEG) Recording.

Background: Activation procedures (APs) are adopted during routine electroencephalography (rEEG) to provoke interictal epileptiform abnormalities (EAs). This study aimed to observe interictal and ictal (EAs) of different EEG patterns, provoked by various APs.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neurology department of King Fahd hospital of university, Saudi Arabia.

The Relative Impact of Clinical and Investigational Factors to Predict the Outcome in Stroke Patients.

Objective: As stroke is still considered a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, it is crucial to find the factors affecting the outcome in these patients. We aimed to interpret the various clinical and investigational parameters and establish their association with the outcome in stroke patients.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Neurology between June 2019 to November 2021.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) following blood transfusion in a polytrauma victim, an atypical occurrence.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiological syndrome, clinically present by impaired consciousness, headache, visual disturbances, and seizures, and radiologically brain edema. Cases of PRES induced by blood transfusion are rarely documented. We report this case to increase the awareness of treating physicians for the possible complications of rapid blood transfusion.

Characteristics of Stroke-related Seizures and their Predictive Factors: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.

Background And Purpose: Various risk factors have been described in the literature that increase the risk of seizures associated with stroke. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence rate of poststroke seizures (PSSs) and the associated risk factors in Arab population.

Materials And Methods: Study included all stroke patients aged >18 years with a minimum follow-up of 24 months following stroke to identify seizure occurrence.

Characteristics and outcomes of large artery occlusion-related stroke due to intracranial atherostenosis: An experience from a single center in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Literature on the frequency, response to treatment, and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to intracranial atherostenosis (ICAS)-related intracranial large artery occlusion (ILAO) from Saudi Arabia is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage, describe the characteristics, and observe the treatment response in patients with AIS attributed to ICAS-related ILAO.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included all adult patients from 2017-2021 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of ICAS-related AIS.

Outcomes and predictors of seizure recurrence in post-stroke epilepsy, a retrospective hospital-based study.

Background: The occurrence of seizures following a stroke is a well-recognized complication associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite the numerous studies examining outcomes and risk factors related to post-stroke seizures (PSS), there remains a lack of clarity regarding the clinical characteristics, treatment, and PSS recurrence (PSSR) rates in patients experiencing their initial episode of PSS.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for developing recurrent seizures after first PSS and their effects on functional outcomes and mortality.

Estimated prevalence study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among eastern province children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Studying mental disorders in children is significantly important due to the huge suffering of educational and psychosocial impairments in adult life. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered the most common mental disorder in children, especially in early school-aged children. It manifests in about 8%-12% of children in the world.

Clinical Implications of Various Electroencephalographic Patterns in Post-Stroke Seizures. The Utility of Routine Electroencephalogram.

Post-stroke seizures (PSS) are one of the major stroke-related complications. Early therapeutic interventions are critical therefore using electroencephalography (EEG) as a predictive tool for future recurrence may be helpful. We aimed to assess frequencies of different EEG patterns in patients with PSS and their association with seizure recurrence and functional outcomes.

Association between glycated hemoglobin and functional outcomes in patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerotic disease-related acute ischemic stroke: identifying the magic number.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level on the functional outcome (FOC) in patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerotic disease (ICLAD)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with ICLAD-related AIS who were admitted to King Fahd University Hospital between January 2017 and September 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on the optimal cutoff HbA1c level determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis-those with HbA1c ≤6.

Home Self-Massage Device Necessitates Public Awareness: Vertebral Artery Dissection Associated With a Home Massage Device.

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a common cause of stroke in middle-aged individuals. Patients with VAD usually describe a trivial minor neck trauma preceding the event. Such traumas may be associated with spinal manipulation or sudden movements of the neck.

Therapeutic Dilemma of Wake-up Stroke: Clinical and Brain Imaging Characteristics and Reperfusion as a Treatment Option.

Wake-up stroke (WUS) comprises a significant proportion of ischemic strokes. However, due to unclear onset, these patients are often not considered for reperfusion therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and imaging differences between WUS patients and those with clear-onset stroke, documenting any sex, age, or risk factor predilection for WUS.

Non-HDL Cholesterol, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Epileptic Patients.

To compare cardiovascular risk factors in patients with epilepsy with those of non-epileptic neurologic patients to determine their association with antiepileptic drug therapy. This observational study with a cross-sectional design was performed in a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from January to December 2018. A total of 110 patients with epilepsy were included in the study, along with 46 age- and sex-matched non-epileptic controls (approximate ratio of 2:1).

An Observational Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Conventional Anticoagulation Versus New Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

To compare the safety and efficacy of conventional anticoagulants with new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). This was a retrospective, prospective cohort study of patients who presented with CVST to a tertiary stroke center in the Middle East from January 2012 to October 2019. Patients with a diagnosis of CVST were identified, and data were analyzed for demographic characteristics.

Prevalence of Medically Resistant Epilepsy in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of medically resistant epilepsy (MRE) in our hospital and to compare the prevalence with that in other populations.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who visited the epilepsy clinics at King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia between January 2017 and December 2018. This study included patients aged ≥14 years who had at least 2 unprovoked seizures 24 h apart.

Influence of Sex Difference on Distribution of Risk Factors and Etiologic Subtypes of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Reality of Facts.

Background And Purpose: Sex-related differences have been documented in risk factors distribution, etiologic subtypes, diagnostic evaluation, offered management, and outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from all over the world. Nevertheless, studies from Saudi Arabia are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sex on distribution of risk factors and etiologic subtype of AIS in patients admitted to our hospital.

Clinical Correlates of Electroencephalographic Patterns in Critically Ill Patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical correlates of different electroencephalographic patterns and their association with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Subjects And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of the University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and involved a review and analysis of medical records pertaining to 179 intensive care unit patients who underwent electroencephalography (EEG) in the June to November 2018 period.

Results: Among the different etiologies, presence of spike and wave or sharp wave (SWs) was associated with encephalitis ( = .

Sudden-onset Encephalopathy: Do not ignore the Possibility of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is an uncommon neurological disorder of unknown etiology, found in association with thyroid autoimmunity, mostly uncommon in males. The disease occurs primarily in the fifth decade of life and may occur in two forms; a sudden vasculitic type or a progressive subacute type associated with cognitive dysfunction, confusion, and memory loss. We report a case of a 51-year-old Sri Lankan gentleman with no comorbidities who was presented with one episode of the generalized tonic- clonic seizure (GTCs) followed by prolonged agitation and disorientation.

Timing to start anticoagulants after acute ischemic stroke with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Objective: To identify timing for initiation of anticoagulation therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with non-valvular AF as regards safety and efficacy by detecting the rate of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and recurrent ischemic symptoms (RIS) during follow-up.

Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University including 120 patients with AIS/TIAs from July 2016 till July 2018. We compared patients who received anticoagulants 1-6 days (Group I (45.

Is non-traditional therapy for multiple sclerosis overwhelming in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To describe the prevalence, knowledge and attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and the proportion that seek advice from their physician about CAM use.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was performed in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic of King Fahd Hospital of Universityin Alkhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January-June 2017. A total of 133 patients have completed the survey.

Acute Opioid-Induced Myoclonic Reaction after Use of Fentanyl as an Anesthetic Drug for an Emergency Cesarean Section.

Myoclonus is an abnormal involuntary movement that has been previously reported with administration of high doses of opioids for prolonged periods of time. In this case, however, we report an acute myoclonic reaction and review the literature on the possible causative pathophysiology. We report the case of a 24-year-old woman who was admitted for postdated cesarean section.

New onset epilepsy in the elderly: clinical, radiological and electroencephalographic features and treatment responses.

Objective: To evaluate new onset epilepsy characteristics, etiology, radiological and electroencephalographic features and to document treatment response in the elderly.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from 2010 to 2013. Medical records were searched to recruit patients.

Clinical patterns and pathophysiology of hypermotor seizures: an ictal SPECT study.

Hypermotor seizures (HMS) can include different forms of hypermotor behaviour due to various mechanisms associated with generation of ictal automatisms. Despite the varied location of seizure onset, similar semiologic features during seizures may exist. Ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) apparently reflects not only the origin of epileptic discharge but also the spread to adjacent cortical areas.