Advances in the Mitigation of Microbiologically Influenced Concrete Corrosion: A Snapshot.

Concrete, a versatile construction material, faces pervasive deterioration due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in various applications, including sewer systems, marine engineering, and buildings. MIC is initiated by microbial activities such as involving sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), etc., producing corrosive substances like sulfuric acid.

The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk.

Staphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Düzce (Türkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region.

Chemical, Electrochemical, and Surface Morphological Studies of the Corrosion Behavior of the AZ31 Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid: Effect of NaOH and HO Surface Pretreatments on the Corrosion Resistance Property.

Magnesium and its alloys have attracted attention for biomedical implant materials in dental and orthopedic applications because of their biodegradability and similar properties to human bones. The very high rate of degradation in the physiological systems is, however, a major setback to their utilization. Chemical modification is one of the approaches adopted to enhance the corrosion resistance property of Mg and its alloys.

Understanding the Corrosion Behavior of the AZ91D Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid through the Use of Dynamic EIS.

Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (dynamic EIS) has the capacity to track changes on surfaces in a changing corrosive system, an advantage it holds over classical EIS. We used the dynamic EIS approach to provide insight into the corrosion behavior of the AZ91D Mg alloy in simulated body fluid for 30 h at 25 °C. The results reveal that the impedance response of the alloy is influenced by the immersion time.

Erdosteine reduces cytotoxicity induced by alpha- and beta-amanitin, but not gamma-amanitin, in CA3 hepatocyte cultures.

Amanitin poisoning still has no particular, effective antidote. Erdosteine has been shown to protect numerous tissues, particularly those in the liver. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of erdosteine on alpha-, beta- and gamma-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro models.

Toxin components and toxicological importance of Galerina marginata from Turkey.

Amatoxins, most of which are hepatotoxic, can cause fatal intoxication. While mushrooms in the amatoxin-containing Galerina genus are rare, they can poison humans and animals worldwide. Few studies have profiled the toxicity of Galerina marginata.

First Report of a Neotropical Agaric (, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Containing Lethal α-Amanitin at Toxicologically Relevant Levels.

A recent collection of from the Dominican Republic is presented here. Macro- and micromorphological features of are described in detail, and its evolutionary (phylogenetic) position within sect. , in the subincarnata/brunneoincarnata clade, is assessed on the basis of a combined nrLSU + nrITS + + analysis.

Two new species of Amanitasect.Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins.

Two new species of Amanitasect.Phalloideae are described from tropical Africa (incl. Madagascar) based on both morphological and molecular (DNA sequence) data.

Determination of histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical effects of acute and chronic grayanotoxin III administration in different doses in rats.

Grayanotoxin (GTX)-III is a Na-channel neurotoxin. Grayanotoxins can be found in the nectar, pollen, and other plant parts of the Rhododendron genus plants from the Ericaceae family. It is widely believed that honey produced from these plants, which are concentrated in the Black Sea region, is traditionally characterized as enhancing sexual performance.

Omentin Val/Val genotype increases predisposition to acne vulgaris without changing omentin serum level.

Acne vulgaris is the most frequent and multifactorial inflammatory skin disorder in all races. Obesity is considered to be a risk factor for acne due to its contribution to inflammation. The involvements of inflammatory (leptin and resistin) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) adipokines in the pathogenesis of acne were reported.

Evaluation of the corrosion inhibiting efficacy of a newly synthesized nitrone against St37 steel corrosion in acidic medium: Experimental and theoretical approaches.

A novel amphiphilic nitrone, N-phenyl-1-(4-((11-(pyridin-1-ium-1yl) undecanoyl) oxy)phenyl)methanimine oxide bromide (NP-1-4-11-PUOPMOB) has been synthesized from a fatty acid derivative as a starting material. Structural characterization of the new compound has been realized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, H NMR, and C NMR). The corrosion inhibition effect of the compound for St37 steel corrosion in 1 M HCl medium has been investigated using experimental (weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and theoretical approaches complemented by surface morphological examination using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force spectroscopy.

Gum Arabic-silver nanoparticles composite as a green anticorrosive formulation for steel corrosion in strong acid media.

A green anticorrosive composite (GA-AgNPs) has been formulated for steel in 15% HCl and 15% HSO media. Characterization of GA-AgNPs is achieved via FTIR, UV-vis, EDAX, and SEM. Gravimetric, electrochemical (EIS, EFM, DEIS, & TP), and surface assessment (SEM, EDAX, AFM, & XPS) techniques have been deployed in the anticorrosion studies.

A Case Study: What Doses of Amanita phalloides and Amatoxins Are Lethal to Humans?

There are few data estimating the human lethal dose of amatoxins or of the toxin level present in ingested raw poisonous mushrooms. Here, we present a patient who intentionally ingested several wild collected mushrooms to assess whether they were poisonous. Nearly 1 day after ingestion, during which the patient had nausea and vomiting, he presented at the emergency department.

Effect of Montelukast on Spinal Cord Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury.

Aim: Paraplegia due to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord is a devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are potent mediators of inflammation that are associated with I/R injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of montelukast, a selective reversible CysLT1 receptor antagonist, on spinal cord I/R injury in an experimental model.

Comparison of Changes in Anxiety and Depression Level Between Dabigatran and Warfarin Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

We hypothesized that patients taking warfarin require frequent hospital follow-up and they are at higher risk for complications, so the incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the period of taking warfarin compared to the period of taking dabigatran. Fifty patients having AF without valvular diseases under treatment of warfarin in whom a transition to dabigatran was planned were consecutively enrolled in this study and followed up prospectively between July 2013 and July 2014. All patients completed Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) at the initiation of study and 6 months after initiation of study.

Erythropoietin stimulates patellar tendon healing in rats.

Background: Erythropoietin (EPO), regulating erythropoiesis, is used to provide protective and regenerative activity in non-haematopoietic tissues. There is insufficient knowledge about the role of EPO activity in tendon healing. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EPO treatment on healing in rat patellar tendons.

A Case Study: Rare Lepiota brunneoincarnata Poisoning.

Amatoxin poisoning from the genus Lepiota may have a deadly outcome, although this is not seen as often as it is from the genus Amanita. In this report, we present a patient who was poisoned by a sublethal dose of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushrooms. The patient was hospitalized 12 hours after eating the mushrooms.

Polymorphisms in MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in Turkish patients with prostate cancer.

Aim: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the Western male population. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) modulate the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs may lead to an emergence of pathological processes such as cancer.

Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and beta-amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line.

Background/aim: Alpha- and beta-amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. Although there are many studies available concerning alpha-amanitin, there are limited data about beta-amanitin in the literature. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the toxic effects of alpha- and beta-amanitin on the MCF-7 cell line.

Leptin induces ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, and ADAMTS-9 genes expression by mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-ĸB signaling pathways in human chondrocytes.

Elucidation of the causes of inflammation has vital importance in the development of new approaches for the treatment of arthritic diseases. The degradation of aggrecan by upregulated disintegrin and metalloproteinase with trombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) is the key event in the development of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Increased levels of leptin in both RA and OA have been demonstrated, thus linking leptin to arthritic diseases, but the mechanism has not been clarified.

Clinical importance of toxin concentration in Amanita verna mushroom.

Poisoning from Amanita group of mushrooms comprises approximately 3% of all poisonings in our country and their being responsible for nearly the entire fatal mushroom poisonings makes them important. These mushrooms contain primarily two types of toxins, amatoxins and phallotoxins. Phallotoxins have a more limited toxicity potential and they primarily consist of phalloidin (PHN) and phallacidin (PCN).

Effect of nifedipine on hippocampal neuron number in penicillin-induced epileptic rats.

Aim: Epileptic seizures lead to neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Experimental epilepsy can be induced by direct application of various chemicals to cerebral cortex. Nifedipine is an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker.