Validation of a method to differentiate arterial and venous vessels in CT perfusion data using linear combinations of quantitative time-density curve characteristics.

Objectives: We aimed to develop and evaluate a new method that reliably differentiates between cerebral arteries and veins using voxel-wise CT-perfusion-derived parameters.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients with suspected stroke but without pathological findings were examined on a multi-detector CT system: 32 dynamic phases (∆t = 1.5 s) during application of 35 mL iomeprol-350 were acquired at 80 kV/200mAs.

Histopathology and clinical course of MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis.

We present histological, MRI, and clinical features of an adult patient with relapsing encephalomyelitis and antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Furthermore, we report molecular details of the recognized epitope that is specific for human MOG. A brain biopsy revealed multiple sclerosis (MS)-type II pathology.

Imaging-Based Features of Headaches in Chiari Malformation Type I.

Background: Suboccipital cough-induced headaches are considered a hallmark symptom of Chiari malformation type I (CMI). However, non--Valsalva-related suboccipital headaches and headaches in other locations are also common in CMI. The diagnostic significance and the underlying factors associated with these different headaches types are not well understood.

Effects of endurance training on brain structures in chronic schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.

The objective of this longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study was to examine the effects of endurance training on hippocampal and grey matter volumes in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. 20 chronic schizophrenia patients and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent 3months of endurance training (30min, 3 times per week). 19 additionally recruited schizophrenia patients played table soccer ("foosball" in the USA) over the same period.

Alterations in the trapezius muscle in young patients with migraine--a pilot case series with MRI.

Background/purpose: Migraine is frequent in young adults and adolescents and often associated with neck muscle tension and pain. Common pathophysiological pathways, such as reciprocal cervico-trigeminal activation, are assumed. Tense areas within the neck muscles can be clinically observed many patients with migraine.

Color-coded cerebral computed tomographic angiography: implementation of a convolution-based algorithm and first clinical evaluation in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a new method of displaying dynamic cerebral computed tomographic (CT) angiography (CTA) data sets in which the time delay to maximum enhancement (Tdelay) is displayed in a range of colors (color-coded CT angiography [cCTA]).

Materials And Methods: This institutional review board-approved study included multiparametric CT data sets from 16 patients with different types of supra-aortic large vessel occlusions. Color-coded CT angiography was reconstructed from CT perfusion raw data sets.

Structural and functional connectivity mapping of the vestibular circuitry from human brainstem to cortex.

Structural and functional interconnections of the bilateral central vestibular network have not yet been completely delineated. This includes both ipsilateral and contralateral pathways and crossing sites on the way from the vestibular nuclei via the thalamic relay stations to multiple "vestibular cortex" areas. This study investigated "vestibular" connectivity in the living human brain in between the vestibular nuclei and the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) by combined structural and functional connectivity mapping using diffusion tensor imaging and functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging in 24 healthy right-handed volunteers.

Strategies of collateral blood flow assessment in ischemic stroke: prediction of the follow-up infarct volume in conventional and dynamic CTA.

Background And Purpose: Collateral blood flow is an important prognostic marker in the acute stroke situation but approaches for assessment vary widely. Our aim was to compare strategies of collateral blood flow assessment in dynamic and conventional CTA in their ability to predict the follow-up infarction volume.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included all patients with an M1 occlusion from an existing cohort of 1912 consecutive patients who underwent initial multimodal stroke CT and follow-up MR imaging or nonenhanced CT.

[European curriculum for further education in radiology].

The European training curriculum for radiology of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) aims to harmonize training in radiology in Europe. Levels I and II constitute the centerpiece of the curriculum. The ESR recommends a 5-year training period in radiology with 3 years of level I and 2 years of level II training.

Predictive value of the velocity of collateral filling in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

The velocity of collateral filling can be assessed in dynamic time-resolved computed tomography (CT) angiographies and may predict initial CT perfusion (CTP) and follow-up lesion size. We included all patients with an M1± internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and follow-up imaging from an existing cohort of 1791 consecutive patients who underwent multimodal CT for suspected stroke. The velocity of collateral filling was quantified using the delay of time-to-peak (TTP) enhancement of the M2 segment distal to the occlusion.

Magnetic resonance imaging measures of posterior cranial fossa morphology and cerebrospinal fluid physiology in Chiari malformation type I.

Background: It has been well documented that, along with tonsillar herniation, Chiari Malformation Type I (CMI) is associated with smaller posterior cranial fossa (PCF) and altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and tissue motion in the craniocervical junction.

Objective: This study assesses the relationship between PCF volumetry and CSF and tissue dynamics toward a combined imaging-based morphological-physiological characterization of CMI. Multivariate analysis is used to identify the subset of parameters that best discriminates CMI from a healthy cohort.

MR volumetric assessment of endolymphatic hydrops.

Objectives: We aimed to volumetrically quantify endolymph and perilymph spaces of the inner ear in order to establish a methodological basis for further investigations into the pathophysiology and therapeutic monitoring of Menière's disease.

Methods: Sixteen patients (eight females, aged 38-71 years) with definite unilateral Menière's disease were included in this study. Magnetic resonance (MR) cisternography with a T2-SPACE sequence was combined with a Real reconstruction inversion recovery (Real-IR) sequence for delineation of inner ear fluid spaces.

High-resolution computed tomography-based length assessments of the cochlea--an accuracy evaluation.

Conclusion: The length of the cochlea can be determined with good precision using a 3D-curved multiplanar reconstruction analysis technique and linear reconstruction of the cochlea. The method is not time-consuming and can be applied during clinical routine.

Objective: A preoperative prediction of the best cochlear implant electrode length can help reduce the risk of intraoperative cochlear trauma in patients who need to retain residual acoustic hearing for electric-acoustic stimulation or in patients with anatomical anomalies or malformations.

MRI evidence for preserved regulation of intracranial pressure in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate intracranial pressure and associated hemo- and hydrodynamic parameters in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations AVMs.

Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with arteriovenous malformations (median age 38.7 years, 27/30 previously treated with radiosurgery) and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were investigated on a 3.

Longitudinal assessment of endolymphatic hydrops with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the labyrinth.

Objective: To visualize the progression of endolymphatic hydrops in a patient with Ménière's disease.

Patient And Methods: A 53-year-old patient with definite Ménière's disease underwent locally enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (LEIM) for visualizing endolymphatic hydrops. Two years later, a second magnetic resonance imaging was performed for follow-up.

[Hereditary diffuse leukencephalopathy with spheroids: a microgliopathy due to CSF1 receptor impairment].

Hereditary diffuse leukencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is a rare progressive form of leukodystrophy with variable clinical presentation and little known pathophysiology. Characteristic pathological features at brain biopsy or postmortem can support the diagnosis. The genetic basis of HDLS was elusive until 2011 when mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene were identified as the cause.

Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential frequency tuning in certain Menière's disease.

Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) represent extraocular muscle activity in response to vestibular stimulation. To specify the value of oVEMP in the diagnostics of Menière's disease, the amplitude ratio between 500 and 1000 Hz stimuli was investigated. Thirty-nine patients with certain Menière's disease, i.

Dual-energy CT immediately after endovascular stroke intervention: prognostic implications.

Purpose: Posttreatment intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after recanalization therapy of acute ischemic stroke increases morbidity and mortality. Dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) allows differentiation of blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) and ICH. We evaluated the incidence of ICH and BBBD immediately after endovascular recanalization therapy, the correlation between BBBD and final infarction or ICH size, and the prognostic value of postinterventional BBBD.

Prevalence of cortical superficial siderosis in patients with cognitive impairment.

Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) is a magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and can be its sole imaging sign. cSS has further been identified as a risk marker for future intracranial hemorrhage. Although uncommon in the general population, cSS may be much more prevalent in high risk populations for amyloid pathology.

Treatment of astrocytoma grade III with Photofrin II as a radiosensitizer. A case report.

Introduction: Astrocytomas are neoplasms that originate from glial cells. Anaplastic astrocytoma is classified as WHO III, with 27 % of the individuals with grade III astrocytoma living for at least 5 years even after treatment (radiation and chemotherapy). Photofrin II has been demonstrated to serve as a specific and selective radiosensitizing agent in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models.

Value of routine plain x-ray position checks after cochlear implantation.

Objective: To analyze the value of a routine x-ray position check after cochlear implantation and to assess if an increased resistance during electrode insertion is a sufficient predictor of electrode misplacement.

Study Design: Retrospective data collection.

Setting: University hospital.

Endolymphatic hydrops in patients with vestibular migraine and auditory symptoms.

Vertigo patients exhibiting features of vestibular migraine (VM) and Menière's disease (MD) present a difficult diagnostic challenge to the clinician, and the two entities are likely to overlap. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with VM and auditory symptoms. This was an observatory diagnostic study.

[PET-MR in patients with glioblastoma multiforme].

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary tumor of the brain. In recent years newer therapeutic approaches have been developed. To allow for an optimized treatment planning it is important to precisely delineate necrotic tissue, edema and vital tumor tissue and to identify the most aggressive parts of the GBM.