Understanding patient and physician perceptions of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Asia Pacific, Latin America and the Commonwealth of Independent States: the Prostate Research on Behaviour and Education (PROBE) II survey.

Aim: To assess attitudes and beliefs towards benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/ lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and its treatment among patients and physicians in Latin America, Asia Pacific and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted between December 2014 and September 2015. Separate questionnaires were administered to BPH/LUTS patients receiving drug treatment for their condition and to practising physicians who treat patients with BPH/LUTS.

A Phase I trial of preoperative eniluracil plus 5-fluorouracil and radiation for locally advanced or unresectable adenocarcinoma of the rectum and colon.

Purpose: Eniluracil, an effective inactivator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, allows for oral dosing of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which avoids the morbidity of continuous infusion 5-FU. We addressed the safety of oral eniluracil and 5-FU combined with preoperative radiotherapy and determined the recommended Phase II dose and dose-limiting toxicity in patients with locally advanced rectal and colon cancer.

Methods And Materials: Patients with TNM Stage II or III rectal cancer and residual or recurrent colon cancer received eniluracil (starting at 6.

A study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of oral 5-fluorouracil and eniluracil after concurrent administration to patients with refractory solid tumours and varying degrees of renal impairment (FUMA1005).

Background: Eniluracil is an inactivator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the catabolic pathway of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Concurrent administration of oral eniluracil with oral 5-FU not only increases the bioavailability of 5-FU, owing to elimination of first-pass metabolism, but can change the route of elimination of 5-FU from hepatic metabolism to renal excretion. An open-label study was performed to determine the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in the presence of eniluracil.

Estimation of the effect of food on the disposition of oral 5-fluorouracil in combination with eniluracil.

Aims: To determine the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) taken orally with eniluracil and to compare the performance of different pharmacokinetic analysis methods in the detection a potential food-drug interaction.

Methods: In a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study, 12 patients received eniluracil (50 mg, orally) on days 1 and 2 and 5-FU (20 mg/m(2), orally) on day 2 following either a 2-h fast or 20 min after a standard meal. Treatments were separated by 7 days.

Chiral recognition of pinacidil and its 3-pyridyl isomer by canine cardiac and smooth muscle: antagonism by sulfonylureas.

Pinacidil, a potassium channel opener (PCO), relaxes vascular smooth muscle by increasing potassium ion membrane conductance, thereby causing membrane hyperpolarization. PCOs also act on cardiac muscle to decrease action potential duration (APD) selectively. To examine the enantiomeric selectivity of pinacidil, the stereoisomers of pinacidil (a 4-pyridylcyanoguanidine) and its 3-pyridyl isomer (LY222675) were synthesized and studied in canine Purkinje fibers and cephalic veins.

Modification by glibenclamide of the electrophysiological consequences of myocardial ischaemia in dogs and rabbits.

Glibenclamide has been shown to block ATP-dependent K+ channels in the heart and prevent the shortening of cardiac action potentials caused by hypoxia in vitro. The present study examines the ability of glibenclamide to modify the effect of acute ischaemia on monophasic action potential duration in pentobarbital-anaesthetized rabbits, and on monophasic action potential duration and ventricular fibrillation threshold in pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs. Left ventricular endocardial monophasic action potential duration was measured using a contact electrode catheter, and ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured by the single pulse method.

The relation between vascular relaxant and cardiac electrophysiological effects of pinacidil.

Pinacidil may represent an example of a new class of vasodilators that act by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions. In the present study, the cardiac electrophysiological and venorelaxant effects of a series of pinacidil analogs in canine tissues in vitro were examined. Piacidil (3 x 10(-5) M) markedly reduced action potential duration in Purkinje fibers (82 +/- 3% decrease) and ventricular muscle (54 +/- 2% decrease) without significantly affecting maximal upstroke velocity of the action potential or conduction time.

Depressant effects of fast sodium channel blockade on the electrical activity of ischaemic canine ventricle: mediation by the sympathetic nervous system.

In this study we examined the possibility that local anaesthetic agents such as tetrodotoxin may exacerbate electrical changes during acute myocardial ischaemia by inhibiting fast sodium channels, both in cardiac cells and in sympathetic nerve terminals. Bipolar electrograms were recorded during serial 2 to 5 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery in open-chest, anaesthetised dogs. Tetrodotoxin (1 or 2 micrograms X kg-1 iv) given prior to occlusion did not affect activation times or electrograms in normal myocardium but exacerbated activation delay and loss of electrogram amplitude during ischaemia.

The chronic influence of sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels is age-related.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic sympathetic denervation on cerebral vessels of the spontaneously hypertensive rat when superior cervical ganglionectomy was performed in adulthood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated increased protein transfer across the cerebral vessels of the chronically denervated hemisphere when superior cervical ganglionectomy was performed in adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rats. After four weeks of sympathetic denervation, the adult rats in this study did not demonstrate increased protein transfer in the denervated compared to the innervated cerebral hemisphere.

Association between sympathetic nerve activity and cerebrovascular protection in young spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine resting and maximal superior cervical sympathetic nerve activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) at five and ten weeks of age as hypertension was developing. Basal cervical sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) of five week SHR was 58 +/- 3 muv* which was significantly elevated over age-matched WKY (SNA = 30 +/- 4 muv, *p less than 0.001) and ten week SHR (SNA = 30 +/- 4 muv, *p less than 0.