Wide surgical margins may be necessary to reduce recurrence and mortality in patients with localized periosteal chondrosarcoma: retrospective analysis of twenty three patients and literature meta-analysis.

Purpose: Periosteal chondrosarcoma (PCS) is the rarest subtype of chondrosarcoma and is recognized as a low-grade malignant tumour, reported to have an 88% ten year overall survival rate. The relationship between surgical margins and clinical outcome is inconsistent; some authors claim that PCS can be successfully treated with marginal resection and others report more local recurrence and distant metastasis with marginal compared to wide resection. This study was intended to report the treatment and prognosis of localized PCS patients from the Japanese National Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry database and to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine the relationship between surgical margins and rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality.

Prognostic factors for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.

Introduction: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a malignant, biphasic, high-grade, primitive mesenchymal tumor that has a well-differentiated, organized hyaline component. MCS has a poor prognosis, and treatment recommended for localized MCS is based on wide resection while controversy remains regarding the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of MCS, especially the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for localized MCS.

An algorithm for surgical treatment of children with bone sarcomas of the extremities.

Introduction: Limb salvage surgery in children following bone sarcoma resection is a challenging problem because of the small size of the bones, the lack of appropriate size-matched implants, and the risk of limb-length discrepancy once skeletal growth is complete, secondary to the loss of the epiphyseal plate. Although several reconstruction options are available in children with bone sarcomas, such as vascularized fibula, massive bone allograft, extracorporeal devitalized autograft, endoprosthesis, and allograft-prosthesis composite, a consensus has not been reached on the best reconstruction method. The purpose of the present study is to propose an algorithm for reconstruction after resection of bone sarcomas in children.

Coverage of lateral soft tissue defects with sartorius muscle flap after distal femoral replacement for malignant bone tumors.

Introduction: To prevent infection after limb-sparing surgery for primary malignant bone tumors, it is important to cover the megaprosthesis with muscle tissue that has sufficient blood flow. Coverage with a lateral gastrocnemius flap has been reported in cases of distal femoral replacement in which the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles have been resected; however, the risk of peroneal nerve palsy is reportedly high because the muscle flap passes near the peroneal head. This study was performed to examine the postoperative outcomes of patients with primary malignant bone tumors of the distal femur who underwent wide resection (including the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles) followed by reconstruction with a megaprosthesis and coverage of the lateral side of the prosthesis with a sartorius muscle flap.

Response rate specific to bone metastasis of various cancers for immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the prognosis of patients with cancer, such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and urothelial carcinoma. The extension of life expectancy has led to an increased incidence of bone metastases (BM) among patients with cancer. BM result in skeletal-related events, including severe pain, pathological fractures, and nerve palsy.

Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcoma: a systematic review.

Purpose: Dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcomas, which are considered high grade malignancies, can arise from the dedifferentiation of parosteal and low-grade osteosarcomas. Usually, localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcomas are treated by wide resection, and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy is controversial. We conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the rates of mortality and significant events, such as recurrence and metastases, in localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcoma patients who received wide resection only and in those who received wide resection and (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy.

Malawer type I/V proximal humerus reconstruction after tumor resection: a systematic review.

Background: Several reconstruction methods exist for Malawer type I/V proximal humerus reconstruction after bone tumor resection; however, no consensus has been reached regarding the preferred methods.

Methods: We conducted a literature search on various types of proximal humerus oncologic reconstruction methods. We collected data on postoperative functional outcomes assessed based on Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores, 5-year reconstruction survival rates, and complications.

Risk of complications and implant survival of surgical treatment of proximal femoral metastasis: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The patients with femoral metastasis in the inter- or subtrochanteric area could be treated with intramedullary nailing or prosthetic reconstruction, however, it is controversial which surgical treatment could offer less complications and implant failure. Our purpose was to define the risk of complications and implant survival in patients treated with intramedullary nailing or prosthetic reconstruction.

Methods: We analyzed studies reporting the risk of complications, reoperations and removal of the implant in patients treated with intramedullary nailing, hemiarthroplasty, arthroplasty or megaprosthesis.

Biopsy Techniques for Musculoskeletal Tumors: Basic Principles and Specialized Techniques.

Biopsy is a pivotal component in the diagnostic process of bone and soft tissue tumors. The objective is to obtain adequate tissue without compromising local tumor dissemination and the patient's survival. This review explores contemporary principles and practices in musculoskeletal biopsies, emphasizing the critical role of diagnostic accuracy while also delving into the evolving landscape of liquid biopsies as a promising alternative in the field.

Similar complications, implant survival, and function following modular prosthesis and allograft-prosthesis composite reconstructions of the proximal femur for primary bone tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: There is a lack of consensus regarding the best type of reconstruction of the proximal femur following bone tumor resection. The objective of this study was to analyze the complication risks, implant survival, and functional outcomes following modular prosthesis (MP) and allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) reconstruction of the proximal femur after primary bone tumor resections.

Methods: We performed a search in the PubMed and Scopus libraries, obtaining 1 843 studies.

A Systematic Review of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Localized Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma.

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a high-grade subtype of chondrosarcoma with the bimorphic histological appearance of a conventional chondrosarcoma component with abrupt transition to a high-grade, non-cartilaginous sarcoma. DDCS can be radiographically divided into central and peripheral types. Wide resection is currently the main therapeutic option for localized DDCS.

Diagnostic challenges in low-grade central osteosarcoma.

Aims: Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS), a rare type of osteosarcoma, often has misleading radiological and pathological features that overlap with those of other bone tumours, thereby complicating diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to analyze the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with LGCOS, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 49 patients with LGCOS (Broder's grade 1 to 2) treated between January 1985 and December 2017 in a single institute.

Reoperation after surgery for bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Background And Objective: The prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has markedly improved with the advent of molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the therapeutic response in patients with bone metastasis remains low; therefore, surgery still plays a significant role in treatment of bone metastasis. It is important to maintain quality of life for patients with bone metastasis from RCC and avoid reoperation after surgery for bone metastasis.

Role of bone marrow adipocytes in bone metastasis development and progression: a systematic review.

Purpose: Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most plentiful cells in the bone marrow and function as an endocrine organ by producing fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. Consequently, BMAs can interact with tumor cells, influencing both tumor growth and the onset and progression of bone metastasis. This review aims to systematically evaluate the role of BMAs in the development and progression of bone metastasis.

The Prognostic Value of Serum Biomarkers for Survival of Children with Osteosarcoma of the Extremities.

Background: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor that affects mainly adolescents and young adults. We analyzed serum biomarkers for their prognostic significance in children with osteosarcoma.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated the prognostic factors in 210 children who were treated for appendicular osteosarcoma, including patient age and sex, tumor site and size (≥8 cm or <8 cm), presence of metastasis, chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP), C-reactive protein, serum hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocyte counts, platelet count, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.