Clinical outcomes of catheter substrate ablation for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate for high-risk patients with AF.

Background: The benefits of catheter ablation for high-risk AF patients with respect to mortality and stroke reductions remain unclear.

Methods: We performed AF substrate ablation guided by complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) mapping in 674 high-risk AF patients.