C1 Root Decompression as a Therapeutic Target in Non-Suboccipital Non-Valsalva Related Headache Associated with Chiari I Malformation.

Background: Headache (HA) is the most common symptom impacting the quality of life of patients with Chiari I malformation. While HAs typically present in the occipital or suboccipital regions, and induced by Valsalva maneuver, complex migraine-like HAs referring to frontal or orbital regions also occur. Our study explores the therapeutic potential of C1 nerve root decompression in addition to increasing intracranial compliance in patients with Chiari I malformation.

Analysis of diffusion changes in cerebral tissues of Parki̇nson's patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: Correlation of improvements in motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) as a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a reduction in both the quantity and functionality of dopaminergic neurons. This succinctly highlights the central pathological feature of PD and its association with dopaminergic neuron degeneration, which underlies the motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease. This study aims to elucidate the nuances of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in different cerebral regions by after the bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery of PD, as well as to investigate their potential interactions with the motor and neuropsychiatric spectrum.

Safety and effectiveness of a posterior approach alone for surgical treatment of sacral-presacral tumors.

Aim: We aimed to examine the safety and effectiveness of a posterior approach alone in the surgical treatment of sacral-presacral tumors. In addition, we investigate factors that determine the selection of a posterior approach alone.

Materials And Methods: Patients with sacral-presacral tumors who underwent surgery in our institution between 2007 and 2019 were examined in this study.

Evaluation of BMP-2, VEGF, and Vitamin D Receptor Levels in the Ligamentum Flavum of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Disc Herniation.

Aim: To histopathologically evaluate and compare bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels in the ligamentum flavum (LF) of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Material And Methods: Surgical specimens of the LF in 25 patients who underwent surgery for LDH and 25 patients who underwent surgery for LSS were examined histopathologically. The prevalence and severity of BMP-2, VEGF, and VDR immunoreactivity were evaluated to create histoscores (prevalence × severity), which were compared between groups.

Lipoblastoma of scalp in a 4-month-old patient: an extremely rare case report and review of the literature.

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign tumor originating from adipose tissue, usually seen in infancy and early childhood. Here, we present a case of scalp lipoblastoma in a 4-month-old that we treated surgically and review the literature. Although lipoblastomas may be seen in various locations during infancy and early childhood, rarely, they can also develop in the scalp.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy for Obstructive Hydrocephalus and Ventriculocystostomy for Intraventricular Arachnoid Cysts.

Objective: To evaluate and discuss the outcomes of a combination of ventriculocystostomy (VC) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for obstructive hydrocephalus (HCP) due to ventricular/cisternal arachnoid cysts, and only ETV for obstructive HCP due to different etiologies.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all 40 symptomatic patients (aged 4 months - 61 years) of obstructive HCP treated by ETV or VC+ETV during October 2014 - April 2019. VC+ETV was performed in 7 patients with intraventricular/cisternal arachnoid cyst and obstructive HCP.

Cranially migrated lumbar intervertebral disc herniations: A multicenter analysis with long-term outcome.

Objective: Risk factors of cranial migration were investigated in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) that migrated in the cranial direction and the long-term outcomes are discussed in this study.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for LDH at four different centers between 2012 and 2017 were studied. Extraligamentous discs were located in the lateral part of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) within the spinal canal of the axial plane, and subligamentous discs were located under the PLL.

Effects of Intrathecal Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) on IL-6 and TNF-α Levels and Local Inflammatory Responses in Spinal Cord Injuries.

Aim: To investigate the effects of intrathecal caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on tissue and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) levels following spinal cord injury (SCI) as well as its effects on edema and microhemorrhage.

Material And Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups. The sham group underwent single-level laminectomy and then received an intrathecal injection of isotonic saline.

A Novel Candidate Molecule in the Pathological Grading of Gliomas: ELABELA.

Aim: To investigate the possible role of ELABELA (ELA) in the histopathological grading of gliomas.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively assessed pathological specimens of patients who underwent surgery for intracranial space-occupying lesions. Only primary glioma specimens were included in this study.

The effectiveness and clinical outcomes of the Minerva cervical thoracic jacket in patients with type II odontoid fractures.

Background/aim: The objective of this study was to carry out a detailed analysis and assess the outcomes for the Minerva cervical thoracic jacket (CTJ) in patients with type II odontoid fractures who could not be surgically treated. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients for whom the Minerva CTJ was used rather than surgery for different reasons were included in the study. All patients were fitted with the Minerva CTJ within the first 24 h following diagnosis.

A comparison of the type IX collagen levels of the intervertebral disc materials in diabetic and non-diabetic patients who treated with lumbar microdiscectomy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare type IX collagen levels in the intervertebral disc (IVD) materials of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with lumbar disc herniation and to determine whether there is a relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and type IX collagen levels in degenerated discs.

Methods: Overall, 30 non-diabetic patients and 30 type II diabetic patients who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy were included in this study. All patients underwent lumbar microdiscectomy, and IVD samples were obtained during the surgery.

Effects of Mucuna pruriens on Free Fatty Acid Levels and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Rats Fed a High Fructose Diet.

Objective: To investigate free fatty acid levels and histopathological changes in the brain of rats fed a high fructose diet (HFrD) and to evaluate the effects of Mucuna pruriens, known to have antidiabetic activity, on these changes.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 28 mature female Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups, each included 7 rats.

Evaluation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients in the Cerebellar Tonsils and Bulbus in Chiari Type I Malformations: Comparison Before and After Surgery.

Aim: To evaluate the preoperative and postoperative 6th month mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the cerebellar tonsils and bulbus in patients with Chiari Malformation Type I (CMI), and to compare the results with healthy controls.

Material And Methods: We included 15 patients with CMI who underwent suboccipital decompression, upper cervical laminectomy, and duraplasty surgery, and compared them with 10 healthy individuals. Three regions of interest were placed, one each in the cerebellar tonsils and one in the bulbus.

Evaluation of Cortical Brain Parenchyma by Diffusion and Perfusion MRI Before and After Chronic Subdural Hematoma Surgery.

Aim: To evaluate microcirculatory changes in neighboring parenchyma as a result of pressure due to chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in early and late periods after hematoma drainage.

Material And Methods: The subject group consisted of 25 patients who underwent CSDH drainage. Brain diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were obtained preoperatively, and at 48 hours (early period) and 2 months (late period) postoperatively.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction caused by fractures and disconnections over 10 years of follow-up.

Purpose: We have discussed the diagnosis and treatment approaches in patients with discontinued (disconnected or fractured) ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts that caused mechanical dysfunction.

Methods: Between 2006 and 2016, VP shunt surgery was performed on 1357 pediatric patients in our clinic. In follow-up examinations, we retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent revision surgery.

Intraoperative Results and Postoperative Clinical Outcomes of Lumbar Microdiscectomy in Patients who Previously Received a Transforaminal Anterior Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbar Radiculopathy.

Aim: To describe the intra- and postoperative results of patients who received a transforaminal anterior epidural steroid injection (TAESI) prior to lumbar microdiscectomy.

Material And Methods: Sixty-four patients who did not improve after minimally invasive techniques (MIT) for lumbar radiculopathy were evaluated. Thirty-two of them treated with techniques other than TAESI and those receiving thrombolytic or anticoagulant drugs before microdiscectomy were excluded.

Magnesium-permeable polymorphisms in patients with meningomyelocele.

Background: To evaluate whether there is an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in magnesium-permeable ion channel and development of meningomyelocele (MMC). Therefore, we examined a total of 150 children with MMC, along with age- and gender-matched controls. DNA collected from whole blood was analyzed for the presence of two polymorphisms, rs2274924 (A > G; K1579E; Leu1579Glu) and rs3750425 (G > A; Val1393Ile), in .

Does Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting Improve Thyroid Hormone Levels in Hydrocephalic Newborns?

Objective/aim: The aim of this report was to investigate the effect of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for the treatment of hydrocephalus on thyroid hormones in the first 3 months of life.

Methods: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (fT3), and free T4 (fT4) levels were compared at 7 days (preoperatively) and at 30 and 90 days (postoperatively) after birth between 25 ventriculoperitoneal shunt-inserted hydrocephalic newborns and 20 healthy newborns.

Results: The TSH level at 7 days was higher in the hydrocephalic patient group (6.

Evaluation of Hearing Function by Auditory Brainstem Response in Newborn Patients with Hydrocephalus before and after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery.

Background/aim: There is currently no objective evaluation of hearing in patients with hydrocephalus (HCP), and we could not find any study in the literature comprising a sufficient number of patients with a high level of scientific evidence. In the current study, we used the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test to assess whether hearing function in patients with HCP is altered after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.

Methods: In total, 20 newborn patients with HCP (13 female, 7 male) were enrolled in this study.

Spontaneous Rupture of Intracranial Dermoid Cyst Mimicking a Primary Psychiatric Disorder.

We discussed the case of a 14-year-old patient with acute onset of psychiatric symptoms for two months who had been examined and different antipsychotic drugs had been prescribed by several psychiatrists without any neuroradiological imaging. Because of unresponsiveness to the antipsychotic drugs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed which revealed a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst. The patient underwent surgery and antipsychotic medications were withdrawn in short time.

Free floating ventricular shunt catheter between lateral ventricles: a case report of an unusual ventriculoperitoneal shunt complication.

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt proximal tip disconnection is rarely seen as a shunt complication. Shunt dysfunction and hydrocephaly can develop due to this disconnection. Presented here is a case of a disconnection of the ventricular catheter from the shunt valve, which passed between both lateral ventricles by free floating in the brain CT.

Can Behenic Acid (C22:0) Levels be a Prognostic Factor in Glial Tumors?

Background: Inhibition of fatty acid synthase leads to apoptosis in cancers, which leads to high levels of fatty acid synthesis. This indicates that cancer cells depend on fatty acid in order to survive. In this study, we investigated whether or not there was a relationship between the glial tumor grade and free fatty acid level of tumor tissue.

How innocent is corpus callosum dysgenesis?

Background/aims: We aimed to investigate the relationship between corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) and associated asymptomatic closed spinal dysraphisms (CSDs).

Methods: 2,840 pediatric patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic between the years 2005 and 2013 with the diagnosis of microcephaly, macrocephaly, congenital hydrocephaly, epilepsy, mental-motor retardation and suspicion of intracranial mass were evaluated. Eighty-five patients were identified with a CCD by cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).