Risk Factor of Mortality in Indonesian Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: Individuals with CP have a lower life expectancy than the general population. The objective of the study is to investigate the risk factor of mortality in Indonesian children with CP.

Methods: An observational analytic study was conducted using medical records at pediatric ward Dr.

High-power Nd:YAG laser picosecond pulse delivery by a polymer-coated silver hollow-glass waveguide.

An oscillator-amplifier high-power Nd:YAG laser system was used for transmission of a single 50-ps-long pulse or a train of pulses through a cyclic olefin polymer-coated silver hollow-glass waveguide. The maximum energy that was transmitted was 150 mJ for the train of pulses and 40 mJ for the single pulse, from which followed a delivered power of 100 GW/cm(2) . The characteristics that were obtained make these waveguides promising for the delivery of high-power laser pulses in medical as well as other applications.

Near-quantum-limit efficiency of picosecond stimulated Raman scattering in BaWO(4) crystal.

Stimulated Raman scattering of 35-ps pulses in BaWO(4) crystal was studied. The second harmonic of a Nd:YAG double-mode-locked laser system was used as a pump radiation source. The first Stokes conversion efficiency reached 38% in a single-pass setup and 85% in a double-pass setup.

Epidemiology of traumatic comas: a prospective population-based study.

Objective: Most studies on patients with severe brain injury (SBI) are based on data from specialized centres. This prospective epidemiologic study included all patients in a defined region with a coma lasting more than 24 hours or leading to a death.

Methods: All patients with a SBI admitted to an emergency department in the region were included during a 1-year period.

[Recovery of neuromuscular block after continuous infusion of cisatracurium in patients with renal dysfunction].

Objective: Study of the recovery of neuromuscular block after continuous infusion of cisatracurium in patients with renal dysfunction.

Study Design: Prospective case-control study.

Patients: Forty adult patients scheduled for urological surgery were assigned to two groups according to the creatinine clearance (CC) as a measure of the renal function: group IR (CC < 60 mL.

[Patient-controlled sedation with propofol for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy].

Objective: Evaluation of patient-controlled sedation with propofol for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using an EDAP LT01 lithotriptor.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Patients: Fifty consecutive patients, ASA I or II, aged 18-65 years.

Road accident statistics: discrepancies between police and hospital data in a French island.

In most developed countries, information on road crashes are routinely collected by the police. However, comparison of police records and hospital data underlines a deficit of the number of road accidents in the routine statistics. In La Réunion, a French overseas dependency, an epidemiological study of injuries leading to hospitalisation or deaths has been performed from June 1993 to June 1994.

Disability and handicap 5 years after a head injury: a population-based study.

A population-based cohort of 407 head trauma patients has been studied since 1986 to estimate the prevalence of long-term disabilities and handicaps by means of a structured questionnaire. Five years later, 6-1 patients were deceased and 36 were lost to follow-up. Prevalence of subjective and behavioral complaints was high whatever the initial head trauma severity.

[Characteristics of head trauma in children: epidemiology and a 5-year follow-up].

Background: Accidents are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of this population-based study was to describe characteristics of head injuries leading to hospitalization in children less than 15 years old, in a defined geographic population (Aquitaine: 2.7 millions inhabitants) and the longterm outcome (5-year follow up) of a sample of these patients.

Prevalence of impairments 5 years after a head injury, and their relationship with disabilities and outcome.

To determine what consequences cognitive, behavioural or somatic impairments had on disabilities and recovery after a head injury (HI), a population-based sample of 231 adult patients was studied 5 years after an HI. Eighty lower-limb-injured (LLI) patients were considered as controls. Sixty-four LLI and 176 HI patients were reviewed (114 minor, 35 moderate, and 27 severe HI).

[Evaluation of cognitive functions after anesthesia with propofol].

Objectives: To assess the disturbances and delay of recovery of cognitive functions following propofol anaesthesia, and to evaluate a series of simple cognitive recovery tests.

Study Design: Prospective comparative non randomized clinical study.

Patients: Two groups of non premedicated patients, of ASA physical class 1 and 2 were studied.

[Chronic cervico-brachial neuralgia treated by cervical epidural injection of corticosteroids. Long-term results].

Objective: To assess long-term results of a single cervical epidural corticosteroid injection (CECI) in patients suffering from chronic cervicobrachial neuralgia (CCBN).

Study Design: Open prospective study.

Patients: A CECI was performed in 29 patients suffering for more than 12 months from a non-compressive and non-surgical CCBN with permanent pain for at least three months non relieved by an adequately conducted medical treatment.

Long-term results of cervical epidural steroid injection with and without morphine in chronic cervical radicular pain.

To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a single cervical epidural steroid injection (CESI) performed with or without morphine, 24 patients, without need of surgery, but suffering for more than 12 months from cervical radicular pain, were included in a prospective and randomised study. The cervical epidural space was injected (C7-D1; 18-ga needle) with an increasing volume (10 ml maximum) of isotonic saline solution to exacerbate the patient's radicular pain. The patients were then randomly allocated to 2 groups: the steroid group (group S, n = 14) received an equivalent volume of 0.

Effects of bupivacaine on cellular oxygen consumption and adenine nucleotide metabolism.

Previous studies on isolated mitochondria have shown an alteration of mitochondrial metabolism by local anesthetics, with an inhibition of adenosine triphosphate synthesis. To show that the same is true for mitochondria intracellularly the effects of the local anesthetic bupivacaine on cellular energy metabolism were studied on cultured fibroblasts. Cells in suspension were analyzed for oxygen consumption using a polarographic method with a Clark electrode, and for cytosol and mitochondrial adenine nucleotides by high performance liquid chromatography.

A comparison between lidocaine alone and lidocaine with meperidine for continuous spinal anesthesia.

Background And Objectives: Experimental investigations have demonstrated a synergistic interaction between opioids and local anesthetics. This study aims to assess the effective benefit-risk ratio of continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) induced with either 1.6% lidocaine alone or in combination with 1% meperidine.

The endocrine pancreas in brain-dead donors. A prospective study in 25 patients.

To determine whether hyperglycemia in brain-dead donors is a sign of endocrine pancreas insufficiency, we studied pancreatic function in 25 consecutive brain dead patients. Blood samples were drawn at 2-hr intervals from donor referral until organ procurement to analyze glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels. After donor retrieval, two specimens were taken from the pancreas for a subsequent immunohistochemical examination.

Posttraumatic disablement: a prospective study of impairment, disability, and handicap.

This study was designed to evaluate both the frequency and the course of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps resulting from trauma. It was conducted in Aquitaine, France, on a sample of 1005 trauma patients (mean ISS, 10.5 +/- 0.

[Spontaneous splenic rupture disclosing a pheochromocytoma].

Clinical manifestation of a phaeochromocytoma may range from no symptoms to an acute abdominal emergency. These abdominal emergencies are related to haemorrhagic necrosis of the tumour, or massive bleeding in the retroperitoneal space. The authors report a case of splenic rupture revealing a phaeochromocytoma.

[Use of homologous erythrocyte concentrates. Analysis of economical factors].

The factors involved in reducing consumption of bank packed red cells (PRC) were studied over three one year periods (1983, 1987 and 1989) in a Department of Vascular and General Surgery. The effects of autologous blood salvage (started in 1987), associated with the management of homologous blood by a branch of the blood bank inside the operating theater suite were assessed. In 1989, intentional normovolaemic haemodilution became virtually systematic, on top of the intraoperative blood salvage, for all patients due to undergo surgery with a risk of severe blood loss.

[Hemodynamic, coagulation and glycoregulation changes induced by brain death].

Brain death results in various changes in circulation haemostasis, acid-base balance and glycoregulation. This study was carried out between February 1988 and December 1988 in 91 patients with brain death. Age range was between 6 and 58 years.

Incidence, causes and severity of injuries in Aquitaine, France: a community-based study of hospital admissions and deaths.

This paper reports the results of a study of injuries conducted during a one-year period within a defined geographic population of 2.7 million persons (Aquitaine, France). Cases were defined as unintentional or intentional injuries, either resulting in immediate death before reaching hospital or requiring hospital admission.

[Functioning of an organ procurement center in Bordeau].

The ever increasing practice of transplantation requires the creation of units specialized in the reception of potential organ donors. The functioning of the organ procurement centre at Bordeaux is described, and the results of 100 procurements performed over a 27-month period are reported. The technical support (electroencephalography, laboratories, etc.