A next-generation mt-sDNA test had 94% sensitivity for colorectal cancer and 91% specificity for advanced neoplasia.

Imperiale TF, Porter K, Zella J, et al; BLUE-C Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2024;390:984-993.

The road to a world-unified approach to the management of patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review of current guidelines.

Objective: During the last decade, the management of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) has been addressed by several distinct international evidence-based guidelines. In this review, we aimed to synthesise these guidelines and provide clinicians with a global perspective of the current recommendations for managing patients with GIM, as well as highlight evidence gaps that need to be addressed with future research.

Design: We conducted a systematic review of the literature for guidelines and consensus statements published between January 2010 and February 2023 that address the diagnosis and management of GIM.

RE.GA.IN.: the Real-world Gastritis Initiative-updating the updates.

At the end of the last century, a far-sighted 'working party' held in Sydney, Australia addressed the clinicopathological issues related to gastric inflammatory diseases. A few years later, an international conference held in Houston, Texas, USA critically updated the seminal Sydney classification. In line with these initiatives, Kyoto Global Consensus Report, flanked by the Maastricht-Florence conferences, added new clinical evidence to the gastritis clinicopathological puzzle.

The use of non-invasive stool tests for verification of Helicobacter pylori eradication and clarithromycin resistance.

Background: Clarithromycin resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents a major challenge in eradication therapy. In this study, we assessed if non-invasive stool tests can be used to verify successful H.

Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Real Culprit or Innocent Bystander as a Precancerous Condition for Gastric Cancer?

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), which denotes conversion of gastric mucosa into an intestinal phenotype, can occur in all regions of the stomach, including cardiac, fundic, and pyloric mucosa. Since the earliest description of GIM, its association with gastric cancer of the differentiated (intestinal) type has been a well-recognized concern. Many epidemiologic studies have confirmed GIM to be significantly associated with subsequent gastric cancer development.

Young-onset colorectal cancer.

In the past decades the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people under the age of 50 years has increased, which is referred to as early-onset CRC or young-onset CRC (YO-CRC). YO-CRC is expected to account for 11% of colon cancers and 23% of rectal cancers by 2030. This trend is observed in different parts of the world and in both men and women.

Effect of Colonoscopy Screening on Risks of Colorectal Cancer and Related Death.

Background: Although colonoscopy is widely used as a screening test to detect colorectal cancer, its effect on the risks of colorectal cancer and related death is unclear.

Methods: We performed a pragmatic, randomized trial involving presumptively healthy men and women 55 to 64 years of age drawn from population registries in Poland, Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands between 2009 and 2014. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio either to receive an invitation to undergo a single screening colonoscopy (the invited group) or to receive no invitation or screening (the usual-care group).

Adenoma Detection Rate and Risk for Interval Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer in Fecal Immunochemical Test-Based Screening : A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an essential quality indicator for endoscopists performing colonoscopies for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening as it is associated with postcolonoscopy CRCs (PCCRCs). Currently, data on ADRs of endoscopists performing colonoscopies in fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)-based screening, the most common screening method, are scarce. Also, the association between the ADR and PCCRC has not been demonstrated in this setting.

Artificial Intelligence in Colon Capsule Endoscopy-A Systematic Review.

: The applicability of colon capsule endoscopy in daily practice is limited by the accompanying labor-intensive reviewing time and the risk of inter-observer variability. Automated reviewing of colon capsule endoscopy images using artificial intelligence could be timesaving while providing an objective and reproducible outcome. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the available literature on artificial intelligence for reviewing colonic mucosa by colon capsule endoscopy and to assess the necessary action points for its use in clinical practice.

Third Asia-Pacific consensus recommendations on colorectal cancer screening and postpolypectomy surveillance.

The Asia-Pacific region has the largest number of cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and one of the highest levels of mortality due to this condition in the world. Since the publishing of two consensus recommendations in 2008 and 2015, significant advancements have been made in our knowledge of epidemiology, pathology and the natural history of the adenoma-carcinoma progression. Based on the most updated epidemiological and clinical studies in this region, considering literature from international studies, and adopting the modified Delphi process, the Asia-Pacific Working Group on Colorectal Cancer Screening has updated and revised their recommendations on (1) screening methods and preferred strategies; (2) age for starting and terminating screening for CRC; (3) screening for individuals with a family history of CRC or advanced adenoma; (4) surveillance for those with adenomas; (5) screening and surveillance for sessile serrated lesions and (6) quality assurance of screening programmes.

Constitutive programmed death ligand 1 expression protects gastric G-cells from Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation.

Introduction: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a premalignant lesion, highly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Previous studies have shown that H. pylori is able to induce the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an inhibitory immune modulator, in gastric cells.

Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals.

Background: Worldwide, many countries have adopted colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes, often based on faecal occult blood tests (FOBTs). CRC screening aims to detect advanced neoplasia (AN), which is defined as CRC or advanced adenomas. FOBTs fall into two categories based on detection technique and the detected blood component: qualitative guaiac-based FOBTs (gFOBTs) and faecal immunochemical tests (FITs), which can be qualitative and quantitative.

Predictors of Gastrointestinal Transit Times in Colon Capsule Endoscopy.

Introduction: Optimizing the accuracy of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) requires high completion rates. To prevent incomplete CCE, we aimed to identify predictors associated with slow CCE transit times.

Methods: In this population-based study, participants received CCE with a split-dose polyethylene glycol bowel preparation and booster regimen (0.

Faecal occult blood loss accurately predicts future detection of colorectal cancer. A prognostic model.

Objectives: To examine the prognostic potential of repeated faecal haemoglobin (F-Hb) concentration measurements in faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Design: Prognostic model.

Setting: Dutch biennial FIT-based screening programme during 2014-2018.

Risk of heart failure among colon and rectal cancer survivors: a population-based case-control study.

Aims: This population-based case-control study aims to investigate the occurrence of heart failure (HF) among colon and rectal cancer survivors compared with a cancer-free control population taking into account pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors and the influence of treatment.

Methods And Results: Colon and rectal cancer survivors diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 were selected from a linked cohort of cancer and primary care data in the Netherlands and matched based on gender, birth year, general practitioner (GP) practice, and follow-up period to cancer-free controls. The occurrence of HF was identified based on GP recorded diagnoses after index date (diagnosis date for cases).

Use of topical mineral powder as monotherapy for treatment of active peptic ulcer bleeding.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Hemospray (Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, NC, USA), a hemostatic powder, as monotherapy for active peptic ulcer bleeding.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, single-arm study, patients with Forrest Ia or Ib peptic ulcers underwent endoscopic application of Hemospray as treatment of first intent. Effectiveness endpoints were successful hemostasis at the end of the index endoscopy, recurrent bleeding within 72 hours and from 72 hours to 30 days, adverse events requiring reintervention or resulting in morbidity or mortality, and 30-day mortality.

Toll-Like Receptor 1 Locus Re-examined in a Genome-Wide Association Study Update on Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG Titers.

Background & Aims: A genome-wide significant association between anti-Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) IgG titers and Toll-like receptor (TLR1/6/10) locus on 4p14 was demonstrated for individuals of European ancestry, but not uniformly replicated. We re-investigated this association in an updated genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for populations with low gastric cancer incidence, address potential causes of cohort heterogeneity, and explore functional implications of genetic variation at the TLR1/6/10 locus.

Methods: The dichotomous GWAS (25% individuals exhibiting highest anti-H pylori IgG titers vs remaining 75%) included discovery and replication sampls of, respectively, n = 15,685 and n = 9676, all of European ancestry.

Applicability of colon capsule endoscopy as pan-endoscopy: From bowel preparation, transit, and rating times to completion rate and patient acceptance.

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has the potential to explore the entire gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of CCE as pan-endoscopy. Healthy participants received CCE with bowel preparation (bisacodyl, polyethylene electrolyte glycol (PEG) + ascorbic acid) and booster regimen (metoclopramide, oral sulfate solution (OSS)).

Levothyroxine use and the risk of colorectal cancer: a large population-based case-control study.

Objective: Whether an association between oral levothyroxine use, leading to supraphysiological exposure of the colon to thyroid hormones, and risk of colorectal cancer exists in humans is unclear. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of levothyroxine is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a linked cohort of pharmacy and cancer data.

Design: Population-based matched case-control study.

A population-based linked cohort of cancer and primary care data: A new source to study the management of cancer in primary care.

Objective: Insight into the management of cancer in the primary care setting is pivotal to improve early recognition and survival of cancer patients. Therefore, the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) was linked to the General Practitioner (GP) Database of the PHARMO Database Network to make this research possible.

Methods: The NCR collects tumour data on all newly diagnosed cancer patients, whereas the GP Database comprises data from electronic patient records registered by GPs.

Clinicopathological characteristics of early onset colorectal cancer.

Background: The rising incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) might reflect a novel tumour entity.

Aims: To evaluate clinicopathological characteristics of sporadic EOCRC (in patients < 50 years old) and investigate changes over time METHODS: All patients with sporadic EOCRC between 1989 and 2016 were included and divided by age: 20-29 years (group I), 30-39 years (group II) and 40-49 years (group III).

Results: We included 6400 patients.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Atrophic Gastritis: Expert Review.

Description: The purpose of this Clinical Practice Update Expert Review is to provide clinicians with guidance on the diagnosis and management of atrophic gastritis, a common preneoplastic condition of the stomach, with a primary focus on atrophic gastritis due to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection-the most common etiology-or due to autoimmunity. To date, clinical guidance for best practices related to the diagnosis and management of atrophic gastritis remains very limited in the United States, which leads to poor recognition of this preneoplastic condition and suboptimal risk stratification. In addition, there is heterogeneity in the definitions of atrophic gastritis, autoimmune gastritis, pernicious anemia, and gastric neoplasia in the literature, which has led to confusion in clinical practice and research.