The Longitudinal Danish High Myopia Study, Cohort 1948: at age 66 years visual ability is only occasionally affected by visual field defects.

Purpose: A descriptive study on visual fields, as part of a 50-year follow-up of high myopia in an unselected cohort-based Danish sample, now aged 66 years.

Methods: In a Copenhagen 1948 birth cohort (n = 9243), 39 individuals aged 14 years were identified with myopia of at least -6 D, and with regular clinical follow-ups since then. In 2002 (n = 34, age 54 years) and 2008 (n = 32, age 60), the individual ambulatory visual field was outlined by kinetic Goldmann large object perimetry (IV or V,4e).

Choroidal thickness at age 66 years in the Danish high myopia study cohort 1948 compared with follow-up data on visual acuity over 40 years: a clinical update adding spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Background And Purpose: A population-based Copenhagen birth year 1948 cohort with high myopia recorded since age 14 years (spherical equivalent less than or equivalent to -6 D) has been followed over 50 years. Despite complications, current follow-ups have outlined a better visual prognosis than usually drawn from selected clinical series in the literature. For the present status at age 66 years, focus was on visual ability and choroidal thickness.

Choroidal thickness and myopia in relation to physical activity - the CHAMPS Eye Study.

Purpose: To describe the relationship between choroidal thickness (CT) and myopia in relation to physical activity (PA) in a population-based child cohort.

Methods: In a prospective study of 307 children from the CHAMPS Study Denmark, we used objective data from GT3X accelerometer worn at four periods between 2009 and 2015 to determine the amount and intensity of PA. Intensity was estimated as counts/minutes, and cut-off points were defined at four intensity levels.

Physical activity and myopia in Danish children-The CHAMPS Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine associations between physical activity (PA) and myopia in Danish school children and investigate the prevalence of myopia.

Methods: This is a prospective study with longitudinal data on PA in a Danish child cohort. Physical activity (PA) was measured objectively by repeated ActiGraph accelerometer measurement four times with different intervals (1-2.

Human parallels to experimental myopia? A literature review on visual deprivation.

Raviola and Wiesel's monkey eyelid suture studies of the 1970s laid the cornerstone for the experimental myopia science undertaken since then. The aim has been to clarify the basic humoral and neuronal mechanisms behind induced myopization, its eye tissue transmitters in particular. Besides acquiring new and basic knowledge, the practical object of the research is to reduce the burden of human myopia around the world.

The highly myopic eye--oculometric considerations.

After a brief historical oculometry review, the purpose is to bring a longitudinal update on an unselected Danish high myopia series, which was first presented at 1978 SIDUO. The sample was recruited from a Copenhagen school cohort (N=9,423, born 1948) as 14-year-olds with myopia of at least -6 D (n=39) in 1962. Clinical follow-up studies were conducted in 1976, 1986, 1995 and 2002, with A-scan ultrasound oculometry (Kretztechnik 7000, immersion method; and Sonometrics 400, contact method) as a regular part of the schedule.

Epibulbar lipodermoids, preauricular appendages and polythelia in four generations: a new hereditary syndrome?

A new syndrome with abnormalities along the first branchial arch and the milk list is described in a family of four affected generations. The characteristics of the syndrome are epibulbar lipodermoids, preauricular appendages and polythelia. The expressivity varies but all affected have supernumerary nipples and preauricular manifestations while visible epibulbar lipodermoids do not seem obligatory.

Optic disc appearance and retinal temporal vessel arcade geometry in high myopia, as based on follow-up data over 38 years.

Purpose: To discuss (i) optic disc appearance and (ii) the retinal course of the temporal vessel arcade in a longitudinal series of high myopia patients followed between the ages of 16 and 54.

Methods: Thirty-nine individuals from a 1948 Copenhagen birth cohort (n=9243) who had myopia of -6 to -15 D when aged 14 years were invited for current follow-up exams with 7-10-year intervals. Fundus photos were available from up to five occasions over 38 years, and single eye photo collages were studied with respect to posterior pole changes over time.

Eye shape and peripheral visual field recording in high myopia at approximately 54 years of age, as based on ultrasonography and Goldmann kinetic perimetry.

Purpose: This study describes the posterior pole contour and visual field (VF) findings in an unselected series of adults (aged approximately 54 years) with high myopia.

Methods: In 1962, 39 14-year-old teenagers with myopia of >or=6 D, in one or both eyes, were identified in a 1948 Copenhagen birth cohort (n=9243). At a follow-up in 2002, 61 eyes (52 with high myopia and nine fellow eyes; n=31 subjects) were examined by ultrasound B-scan, to allow: (a) measurement of the axial vitreous length supplementary to the customary axial A-scan, and (b) assessment of the posterior pole contour of the eye.

Oculometry findings in high myopia at adult age: considerations based on oculometric follow-up data over 28 years in a cohort-based Danish high-myopia series.

Purpose: To present and discuss oculometry data in a series of adults with high myopia followed between the ages of 26 and 54 years. Emphasis is on axial length (AL) findings and corneal curvature radius (Crad).

Methods: Thirty-four out of the 39 individuals recruited as teenagers from a Copenhagen 1948 birth cohort with myopia of at least 6 D have had current follow-up exams, to include AL measurements (by ultrasound, 1974-2002; the latter year also with the Zeiss IOLMaster) and keratometry.

Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia?--a 2-year prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To study whether physical activity has a protective effect on the development and progression of myopia in medical students.

Methods: In a 2-year longitudinal cohort study, 156 Caucasian first-year medical students from the University of Copenhagen were enrolled. The baseline examination included visual acuity, subjective refraction, Maddox Wing test (Clement Clarke International Ltd.

Is poor glycaemic control in diabetic patients a risk factor of myopia?

Purpose: As a consequence of an increasing prevalence of short-sightedness (myopia) in countries that have adopted western dietary patterns, it has been hypothesized that hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia induce myopia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin dosage and myopia in diabetic patients.

Methods: All type 1 diabetic patients aged 16-26 years [mean age 22.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in a Greenlandic Inuit.

Purpose: To report a case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) in an Inuit.

Methods: We carried out a medical evaluation and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping.

Results: A 36-year-old male Inuit developed severely decreased vision, intense headache and vertigo over a 3-week period.

Prevalence of myopia in Danish conscripts.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among Danish conscripts and compare the results with those from similar Danish studies carried out in 1882 and 1964. Furthermore, the relationships between myopia and educational level, ethnicity, intelligence (IQ), body mass index (BMI) and height were analysed.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study based on medical reports for 4681 male conscripts.

High myopia progression and visual impairment in a nonselected group of Danish 14-year-olds followed over 40 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to document the adult age progression of myopia and the incidence of visual impairment in a representative sample of Danish adolescents with high myopia.

Methods: This study consisted of a scheduled regular ophthalmic follow-up over 40 years of 39 otherwise unselected Copenhagen 14 year olds with uni- and bilateral myopia of at least -6 D, as screened from a 1948 birth-year school cohort comprising 9243 pupils. Thirty-six of the 39 had satisfactory refractive and corrected visual acuity data for a longitudinal analysis.

Prevalence of myopia in local and international schools in Hong Kong.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate genetic and environmental influences on physiological myopia by studying the difference in myopia prevalence between local schools and international schools in Hong Kong.

Methods: Vision screening was carried out in local and international schools for students 13 to 15 years old. Types of refractive error were identified by visual acuity measurement, the presence of spectacles, a simple refraction, and the use of plus and minus ophthalmic lenses.

Ocular anisometropia and laterality.

Purpose: To study the difference in refraction between right and left eyes (anisometropia) in different age groups, look for evidence of eye laterality (more refractive error in one eye) and compare the size of anisometropia in the myopic and emmetropic ranges.

Methods: The study was based on children in Hong Kong (examined at the age of 6 years and again at the age of 8.5 years) and their parents (aged 26-60 years).

The mystery of myopia.

Published data from all parts of the world show that myopia is rare before school age, gradually increases during school life and reaches its highest level of prevalence during the years of most intense study at university. It is widely held that continuous reading harms the eyes, but none of the attempts made so far to reduce accommodative fatigue by introducing pauses during reading and teaching, eye exercises, etc. have been successful in reducing the number of children who develop myopia.

[Diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetics in the county of Frederiksborg].

Introduction: Screening for diabetic retinopathy in a Danish county--are we following the recommendations? Incidence and risk factors of development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and prevalence of blindness among type 1 diabetics consulting the hospital of Hillerød are being described.

Material And Methods: A total of 223 type 1 diabetics (debut < 30 years of age, insulin treated from first year of diagnosis) identified in a cross-sectional study in 1993 and followed until 2000 when data from last examination in the diabetes out-patient clinic and the ophthalmology clinic are registered.

Results: Ophthalmologists have screened nearly 97% of the patients as stated in the recommendations of the department.